Dimension of Political Science in Russian Identity of the Past and Present

Based on the specificity of political science, which requires placing power as the central category of politics and the political system when analyzing various social phenomena and processes, the author of the article presents their vision of Russian identity in the past and present. The aim of the study is to determine the main stages of the formation of Russian identity and reveal its specific features, reflecting the specificity of state power and the political system of the country as a unique civilization model of human development. Research Methods: The nature of this work is based on the use of systemic, functional, value-oriented, historical, and some other methods of political analysis, representing a harmonious combination of their general scientific and specific fundamental directions. Research Findings. In the course of the analysis conducted, the author arrived at several conclusions. According to them, at the state level, Russian identity had a completely sovereign character in two cases. The first instance was related to Moscow’s refusal to submit to the resolutions of the Florence Union Council, which preserved Russia as the only Orthodox state until Peter the Great. The second time our country became a civilization-state was in October 1917. The collapse of the Soviet Union positioned Russia as a peripheral element within the framework of the North Atlantic civilization and contributed to the establishment of a regime of “neo-Bonapartism” on its territory.