COVID-19 and post-disease features in patients with obesity
- Authors: Frolova E.S.1, Veselovsky P.P.2, Chumakova G.A.2, Veselovskaya N.G.1,2, Ott A.V.1,2
-
Affiliations:
- Altai Regional Cardiology Dispensary
- Altai State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 15, No 4 (2024)
- Pages: 344-353
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/2221-7185/article/view/281641
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/CS626503
- ID: 281641
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global population, causing significant economic effect, material damage, and irreparable human losses. Many countries were forced to promptly reorganize their healthcare system in order to save patients with COVID-19. The pathogenesis and specifics of the disease are not completely understood, but one pattern is particularly clear: COVID-19 tends to be more severe in people with obesity. Fatty tissue is known to support chronic low-grade inflammation and has its own endocrine activity. Over time, it became obvious that some patients still have consequences following the acute phase of COVID-19, which in some cases lead to irreversible changes in the body and reduced quality of life. This condition was called post-COVID syndrome. In this article, we review the long-term effects of COVID-19 on different body systems. We focused on pathogenic infection mechanisms and features of post-COVID syndrome in people with obesity.
Keywords
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Ekaterina S. Frolova
Altai Regional Cardiology Dispensary
Author for correspondence.
Email: frolovaec@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-9513-3224
SPIN-code: 4452-9439
Russian Federation, 46 Malakhov street, 656055 Barnaul
Pavel P. Veselovsky
Altai State Medical University
Email: veselovskiipasha@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5610-4314
Russian Federation, 40 Lenin Ave., 656038 Barnaul
Galina A. Chumakova
Altai State Medical University
Email: g.a.chumakova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2810-6531
SPIN-code: 8292-9080
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
Russian Federation, 40 Lenin Ave., 656038 BarnaulNadezhda G. Veselovskaya
Altai Regional Cardiology Dispensary; Altai State Medical University
Email: nadezhda100@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8654-7020
SPIN-code: 4213-4686
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
Russian Federation, 46 Malakhov street, 656055 Barnaul; 40 Lenin Ave., 656038 BarnaulAnna V. Ott
Altai Regional Cardiology Dispensary; Altai State Medical University
Email: ott-88@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7248-9867
SPIN-code: 7131-7519
Cand. Sci. (Medicine), assistant
Russian Federation, 46 Malakhov street, 656055 Barnaul; 40 Lenin Ave., 656038 BarnaulReferences
- Ochani R, Asad A, Yasmin F, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: from origins to outcomes. A comprehensive review of viral pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Infez Med. 2021;29(1):20–36.
- Han Q, Zheng B, Daines L, Sheikh A. Long-Term Sequelae of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of One-Year Follow-Up Studies on Post-COVID Symptoms. Pathogens. 2022;11(2):269. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11020269
- Liu E, Lee H, Lui B, et al. Respiratory and nonrespiratory COVID-19 complications in patients with obesity: recent developments. J Comp Eff Res. 2022;11(5):371–381. doi: 10.2217/cer-2021-0237
- World Health Organization. World leaders express strong support for WHO at G20. Available from: https://www.who.int/home
- Federal State Statistics Service. Available from: https://rosstat.gov.ru
- Leskova IV, Ershova EV, Nikitina EA, et al. Obesity in Russia: modern view in the light of a social problems. Obesity and metabolism. 2019;16(1):20–26. EDN: KDEROH doi: 10.14341/omet9988
- Kravchuk EN, Neimark AE, Babenko AYu, et al. Obesity and COVID-19. Arterial Hypertension. 2020;26(4):440–446. EDN: IFIREM doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2020-26-4-440-446
- Razina AО, Runenko SD, Achkasov EЕ. Obesity: Current Global and Russian Trends. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2016;71(2):154–159. EDN: VYQBYN doi: 10.15690/vramn655
- Gammone M, D’Orazio N. COVID-19 and Obesity: Overlapping of Two Pandemics. Obes Facts. 2021;14(6):579–585. doi: 10.1159/000518386
- Baklaushev VP, Kulemzin SV, Gorchakov АА, et al. COVID-19. Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020;11(1):7–20. EDN: COJLTB doi: 10.17816/clinpract26339
- Nikiforov VV, Suranova TG, Chernobrovkina TYa, et al. New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19): Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects. The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine. 2020;10(2):87–93. EDN: MELBOP doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-2-87-93
- Shatunova PO, Bykov AS, Svitich OA, Zverev VV. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Approaches to pathogenetic therapy of COVID-19. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2020;97(4):339–345. EDN: PMHTVH doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-4-6
- Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Krüger N, et al. The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells. BioRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.01.31.929042
- Carluccio M, Soccio M, De Caterina R. Aspects of gene polymorphisms in cardiovascular disease: the renin-angiotensin system. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001;31(6):476–488. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00839.x
- Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, et al. HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033–1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0
- Welch WJ. Angiotensin II-dependent superoxide: effects on hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Hypertension. 2008;52(1):51–56. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.090472
- Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol. 2017;39(5):529–539. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x
- Caussy C, Pattou F, Wallet F, et al. Prevalence of obesity among adult inpatients with COVID-19 in France. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(7):562–564. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30160-1
- Vanhems, Philippe et al. Factors associated with admission to intensive care units in COVID-19 patients in Lyon-France. PloS One. 2021;16(1):e0243709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243709
- O’Hearn M, Liu J, Cudhea F, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalizations Attributable to Cardiometabolic Conditions in the United States: A Comparative Risk Assessment Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(5):e019259. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.019259
- Petrilli CM, Jones SA, Yang J, et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2020;369:m1966. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1966
- Cai Q, Chen F, Wang T, et al. Obesity and COVID-19 Severity in a Designated Hospital in Shenzhen, China. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1392–1398. doi: 10.2337/dc20-0576
- Jia X., Yin C, Lu S, et al. Two Things about COVID-19 Might Need Attention. Preprint. 2020:2020020315. doi: 10.20944/preprints202002.0315.v1
- Stefan N, Birkenfeld AL, Schulze MB. Global pandemics interconnected — obesity, impaired metabolic health and COVID-19. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(3):135–149. doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-00462-1
- Yan T, Xiao R, Lin G. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruse and SARS-CoV-2: A double-edged sword? FASEB J. 2020;34:6017–6026. doi: 10.1096/fj.202000782
- Bandaru P, Rajkumar H, Nappanveettil G. The Impact of Obesity on Immune Response to Infection and Vaccine: An Insight into Plausible Mechanisms. Endocrinol Metab Synd. 2013;2:1000113. doi: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000113
- Muscogiuri G, Pugliese G, Laudisio D, et al. The impact of obesity on immune response to infection: Plausible mechanisms and outcomes. Obes Rev. 2021;22(6):e13216. doi: 10.1111/obr.13216
- Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19. J Infect. 2020;80(6):607–613. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037
- Mirsoian A, Bouchlaka MN, Sckisel GD, et al. Adiposity induces lethal cytokine storm after systemic administration of stimulatory immunotherapy regimens in aged mice. J Exp Med. 2014;211(12):2373–2383. doi: 10.1084/jem.20140116
- De Leeuw A, Oude Luttikhuis M, Wellen A, et al. Obesity and its impact on COVID-19. J Mol Med (Berl). 2021;99(7):899–915. doi: 10.1007/s00109-021-02072-4
- Muskiet FAJ, Carrera-Bastos P, Pruimboom L, et al. Obesity and leptin resistance in the regulation of the type I interferon early response and the increased risk for severe COVID-19. Nutrients. 2022;14(7):1388. doi: 10.3390/nu14071388
- Zhou Y, Rui L. Leptin signaling and leptin resistance. Front Med. 2013;7(2):207–222. doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0263-5
- Van der Voort P, Moser J, Zandstra D, et al. Leptin levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection related respiratory failure: A cross-sectional study and a pathophysiological framework on the role of fat tissue. Heliyon. 2020;6(8):e04696. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04696
- Maier H, Lopez R, Sanchez N, et al. Obesity Increases the Duration of Influenza A Virus Shedding in Adults. J Infect Dis. 2018;218(9):1378–1382. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy370
- Lasbleiz A, Gaborit B, Soghomonian A, et al. COVID-19 and Obesity: Role of Ectopic Visceral and Epicardial Adipose Tissues in Myocardial Injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:726967. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.726967
- Bihan H, Heidar R, Beloeuvre A, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue and severe Coronavirus Disease 19. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01329-z
- Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Braz-de-Melo H, Faria S, et al. Hypercoagulopathy and adipose tissue exacerbated inflammation may explain higher mortality in COVID-19 patients with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:530. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00530
- Panigada M, Bottino N, Tagliabue P, et al. Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit: A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(7):1738–1742. doi: 10.1111/jth.14850
- Rubin R. As Their Numbers Grow, COVID-19 ”Long Haulers” Stump Experts. JAMA. 2020;324(14):1381–1383. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17709
- Van der Meijden PEJ, Heemskerk JWM. Platelet biology and functions: new concepts and clinical perspectives. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16(3):166–179. doi: 10.1038/s41569-018-0110-0
- Lechner-Scott J, Levy M, Hawkes C, et al. Long COVID or post COVID-19 syndrome. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021;55:103268. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103268
- Raman B, Bluemke DA, Lüscher TF, Neubauer S. Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(11):1157–1172. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac031
- COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2020.
- Scholkmann F, May CA. COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, ”long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, ”post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences. Pathol Res Pract. 2023;246:154497. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154497
- Chopra V, Flanders SA, O’Malley M, et al. Sixty-day outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(4):576–578. doi: 10.7326/M20-5661
- Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(3):133–146. doi: 10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2
- Kingstone T, Taylor AK, O’Donnell CA, et al. Finding the "right" GP: a qualitative study of the experiences of people with long-COVID. BJGP Open. 2020;4(5):bjgpopen20X101143. doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen20X101143
- Naeije R, Caravita S. Phenotyping long COVID. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(2):2101763. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01763-2021
- Dixit NM, Churchill A, Nsair A, Hsu JJ. Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome and the cardiovascular system: What is known? Am Heart J Plus. 2021;5:100025. doi: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2021.100025
- Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med. 2021;27(4):601–615. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z
- Oikonomou E, Souvaliotis N, Lampsas S, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in acute and long standing COVID-19: A prospective cohort study. Vascul Pharmacol. 2022;144:106975. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.106975
- Sathish T, Tapp RJ, Cooper ME, et al. Potential metabolic and inflammatory pathways between COVID-19 and new-onset diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2021;47(2):101204. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.10.002
Supplementary files
