Comparative features of the biological diversity of the gut microbiota in people, receiving nutrition in standardized conditions of isolated community

The issue of the human gut microbiota influence on various chronic diseases has been raised in the scientific literature for quite a long time. In this regard, the study of various means to correct the microbiota via dietary changes has becoming increasingly relevant. However, microbiological diversity can also be affected by many external factors, such as acute infections, immune system disorders, antibiotics intake or chronic stress. Considering these facts, a promising approach is to examine functional nutrition in an organized isolated community. The study included 120 males aged 18 to 22 years, who formed an organized strictly isolated community. The study was conducted in two stages: before the community formation and 9 months afterwards. Actual nutrition of the study participants was assessed using the 24-hour diet reproduction method, during which the nutrition models were emphasized at two stages. The microbiological study consisted in seeding feces samples on an expanded list of solid growth media under anaerobic conditions. To analyze intestinal microbiota diversity, a coefficient of constancy (C) was used, according to which the taxa of microorganisms were included in constant, additional or transient groups of colon luminal microbiota. During the study, three types of tendencies were identified: an increase in the constant microbiota group due to the transition of microorganisms from the transient or additional group; an increase in the additional microbiota group due to the transition of microorganisms from the constant or transient group; absence of changes regardless of the study stage. The first group included taxa such as Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., the second group included Bifidobacterium spp., Citrobacter spp., Aspergillus spp., Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. Representatives of the third group (transient microbiota) became the most prevalent microbial community in our study. Bacteroides spp. and Enterobacter spp. had boundary values of the coefficient of constancy between the transient and additional microbiota. Therefore, our study demonstrated specific changes in intestinal microbiota diversity among subjects who formed an organized isolated community.