卷 7, 编号 2 (2017)

Population growth are leading to intensive and extensive land use even in gypsiferous and gypseous soils which resulted in a greater demand for information of these common soils. The soils of Jooyom region located in southern Iran were studied in order to estimate the rates of soil formation processes, such as gypsum accumulation, and how they affect soil porosity. Soils have gypsum contents ranging from 0.02 to 42.1%, which increases with depth. In the field, gypsum accumulations are described as powdery nodules and vermiform gypsum. Different kinds of micromorphological pedofeatures related to gypsum are observed, which include infillings and coatings of gypsum crystals, typic nodules and crystal twins. Nodules of micrite pseudomorphs after lenticular gypsum are found, where calcite has substituted the original gypsum, which are indicators of a more arid climate in the past, followed by a more humid one. The extent, morphology and size of gypsum crystals depend on the pedogenic processes. In regard to micromorphological classification of gypsiferous soil materials, they are classified in two groups of Eogypsic and Gypsic. Soil porosity changes related to gypsum accumulation were studied and quantified by image analysis. The understanding the retention and movement of water and air in the soil; therefore, these results have a practical importance for land use and management of gypsiferous soils.

The Terek-Kuma Lowland is characterized by a wide range of anthropogenic impacts. At the same time, with respect to other arid regions of Dagestan, the anthropogenic impact on the geological environment (hydrocarbon and artesian water extraction) is of great importance. The extensive development of sandy soils and the development of animal husbandry also lead to a number of significant geoenvironmental problems. Assessment of the current geoenvironmental state of the area shows that the degree of degradation of the landscapes is small, while the possibility of their self-regeneration is at a high level.

The qualitative composition and quantitative content of mineral substances in the soils and fruits of Prunus armeniaca L. and Malus domestica Borkh. cultivated in the environmental conditions of the plains and foothills of central Daghestan has been estimated. The adaptation of apricot and apple trees to the natural factors of the lower foothills results in higher sugar concentrations in their fruits in comparison with trees growing on plains; the apricot and apple trees growing on lower foothills concentrate more Ca and P, while the contents of K, Na, Mg, and Cu in their fruits are reduced. Plants of the same species growing on soils with different contents of mineral substances differ by the total content of macro- and microelements in their fruits but accumulate roughly equivalent levels of P, Na, Ca, Cu, Ni, and Pb.

A comparative study of the morphometric traits and vitality of Sarykum and coastal Jurinea ciscaucasica coenopopulations, revealing higher results than for those from the seaside. The quality of life of the Sarykum coenopopulation is generally high, while the other is low and its depressive character is an alarming symptom that requires further monitoring studies.