Intracranial atherosclerosis: structure, clinical aspects and risk factors
- Authors: Tanashyan M.M.1, Mazur A.S.1, Raskurazhev A.A.1, Berliand A.N.1, Dreval M.V.1, Kuznetsova P.I.1, Lagoda О.V.1
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Affiliations:
- Research Center of Neurology
- Issue: Vol 19, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 5-13
- Section: Original articles
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/2075-5473/article/view/290076
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/ACEN.1266
- ID: 290076
Cite item
Abstract
Introduction. Atherosclerosis is a complex pathophysiological process with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Active research is underway to determine the prevalence of intracranial atherosclerosis across different ethnic groups, the role of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in its pathogenesis, and the advances in diagnostic algorithms for patients with extra-/intracranial atherosclerosis.
The aim was to evaluate manifestations of intracranial atherosclerosis (patterns of intracranial artery lesions, including pathomorphological findings) and identify potential associations between known risk factors and intracranial atherosclerosis in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Materials and methods. During the first phase, a retrospective analysis of autopsy protocols was conducted for 166 patients (66% men) hospitalized at the Research Center of Neurology between 1976 and 2007. The second phase involved clinical, laboratory, and imaging data from 120 patients (59% men) with atherosclerotic disease of the brachiocephalic arteries. These patients were divided into two subgroups: a main subgroup with intracranial artery involvement combined with extracranial atherosclerosis (n = 60) and a control subgroup with isolated extracranial artery involvement (n = 60).
Results. Pathomorphological assessment revealed a high rate of atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid artery system at both extra- and intracranial levels. One-third of patients had ≥50% atherosclerotic stenosis in intracranial arteries without significant extracranial stenosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.22), male sex (OR 6.17), and low-density lipoprotein levels (OR 2.5) as the most significant independent clinical laboratory factors associated with intracranial atherosclerosis.
Conclusion. The role of intracranial atherosclerosis in cerebrovascular events is underestimated. Overlapping neurological and generalized manifestations of isolated intra- and extracranial atherosclerosis may give a misleading impression of the true prevalence of intracranial atherosclerosis.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Marine M. Tanashyan
Research Center of Neurology
Email: mazur@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5883-8119
Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corr. Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for research, Head, 1st Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology
Russian Federation, 80 Volokolamskoye shosse, Moscow, 125367Andrey S. Mazur
Research Center of Neurology
Author for correspondence.
Email: mazur@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8960-721X
postgraduate student, 1st Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology
Russian Federation, 80 Volokolamskoye shosse, Moscow, 125367Anton A. Raskurazhev
Research Center of Neurology
Email: mazur@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0522-767X
Cand. Sci. (Med.), neurologist, senior researcher, 1st Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology
Russian Federation, 80 Volokolamskoye shosse, Moscow, 125367Anna N. Berliand
Research Center of Neurology
Email: mazur@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2880-0547
Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Laboratory of neuromorphology, Brain Institute
Russian Federation, 80 Volokolamskoye shosse, Moscow, 125367Marina V. Dreval
Research Center of Neurology
Email: mazur@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7554-9052
Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher associate, radiologist, Radiology department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology
Russian Federation, 80 Volokolamskoye shosse, Moscow, 125367Polina I. Kuznetsova
Research Center of Neurology
Email: mazur@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4626-6520
Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher associate, 1st Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology
Russian Federation, 80 Volokolamskoye shosse, Moscow, 125367Оlga V. Lagoda
Research Center of Neurology
Email: mazur@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7562-4991
Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, 1st Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology
Russian Federation, 80 Volokolamskoye shosse, Moscow, 125367References
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