Isotretinoin safety paradoxes: balancing adverse events with clinical needs
- Authors: Olkhovskaya K.B.1, Kruglova L.S.1, Konstantinovskaya E.E.1, Keniksfest Y.V.2
-
Affiliations:
- Central State Medical Academy of the Administrative Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation
- Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenereology and Immunopathology
- Issue: Vol 32, No 10 (2025)
- Pages: 18-24
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/2073-4034/article/view/380893
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2025.10.18-24
- ID: 380893
Cite item
Abstract
Systemic isotretinoin remains a highly effective standard treatment for severe acne, targeting key pathogenetic pathways. However, its use is associated with a wide range of adverse events, creating a safety paradox. This scientific review analyzes currently available data on the potential side effects of systemic isotretinoin therapy.
Keywords
About the authors
K. B. Olkhovskaya
Central State Medical Academy of the Administrative Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation
Author for correspondence.
Email: olhovskaya_kira@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4920-5288
SPIN-code: 9455-9482
Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology
Russian Federation, MoscowLarisa S. Kruglova
Central State Medical Academy of the Administrative Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation
Email: kruglovals@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5044-5265
Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Rector
Russian Federation, MoscowE. E. Konstantinovskaya
Central State Medical Academy of the Administrative Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation
Email: olhovskaya_kira@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-9044-0672
Russian Federation, Moscow
Yulia V. Keniksfest
Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenereology and Immunopathology
Email: keniksfest@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8431-5664
Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Chronic Dermatoses for Adults
Russian Federation, YekaterinburgReferences
- Hay R.J., Johns N.E., Williams H.C., et al. The global burden of skin disease in 2010: an analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(6):1527–1534. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.446
- Williams H.C., Dellavalle R.P., Garner S. Acne vulgaris. The Lancet. 2012;379(9813):361–372. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60321-8
- Kurokawa I., Danby F.W., Ju Q., et al. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18(10):821–832. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00890.x
- O’Neill A.M., Liggins M.C., Seidman J.S., et al. Antimicrobial production by perifollicular dermal preadipocytes is essential to the pathophysiology of acne. Sci Transl Med. 2022;14(632):eabh1478. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abh1478
- Agrawal D.A., Khunger N. A Morphological study of acne scarring and its relationship between severity and treatment of active acne. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2020;13(3):210–216. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_177_19
- Drake L., Reyes-Hadsall S., Barbieri J.S., Mostaghimi A. New developments in topical acne therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23(2):125–136. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-021-00666-9
- Reynolds R.V., Yeung H., Cheng C.E., et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024;90(5):1006.e1–1006.e30. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.017
- Круглова Л.С., Грязева Н.В. Современные подходы к терапии акне: обзор клинических рекомендаций и разбор клинических случаев. Медицинский алфавит. 2024;9:61–65. [Kruglova L.S., Gryazeva N.V. Modern approaches to acne therapy: review of clinical recommendations and analysis of clinical cases. Medical alphabet. 2024;(9):61–65. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-9-61-65
- Reinold J., Kollhorst B., Wentzell N., et al. Use of isotretinoin among girls and women of childbearing age and occurrence of isotretinoin-exposed pregnancies in Germany: а population-based study. PLoS Med. 2024;21(1):e1004339. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004339
- Layton A. The use of isotretinoin in acne. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1(3):162–169. https://dx.doi.org/10.4161/derm.1.3.9364
- Thielitz A., Krautheim A., Gollnick H. Update in retinoid therapy of acne. Dermatol Ther. 2006;19(5):272–279. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2006.00084.x
- Nelson A.M., Gilliland K.L., Cong Z., Thiboutot D.M. 13-cis Retinoic acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human SEB-1 sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126(10):2178–2189. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700289
- Melnik B.C. Apoptosis may explain the pharmacological mode of action and adverse effects of isotretinoin, including teratogenicity. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(2):173–181. https://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2535
- Shi G., Liao P.Y., Cai X.L., et al. FoxO1 enhances differentiation and apoptosis in human primary keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27(11):1254–1260. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.13775
- Dispenza M.C., Wolpert E.B., Gilliland K.L., et al. Systemic isotretinoin therapy normalizes exaggerated TLR-2-mediated innate immune responses in acne patients. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(9):2198–2205. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.111
- Karadag A.S., Ertugrul D.T., Bilgili S.G., et al. Immunoregulatory effects of isotretinoin in patients with acne. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(2):433–435. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10949.x
- Papakonstantinou E., Aletras A.J., Glass E., et al. Matrix metalloproteinases of epithelial origin in facial sebum of patients with acne and their regulation by isotretinoin. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125(4):673–684. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23848.x
- Bagatin E., Costa C.S. The use of isotretinoin for acne - an update on optimal dosing, surveillance, and adverse effects. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020;13(8):885–897. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2020.1796637
- Vallerand I.A., Lewinson R.T., Farris M.S., et al. Efficacy and adverse events of oral isotretinoin for acne: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2018;178(1):76–85. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15668
- Landis M.N. Optimizing isotretinoin treatment of acne: update on current recommendations for monitoring, dosing, safety, adverse effects, compliance, and outcomes. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21(3):411–419. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-020-00508-0
- Ornelas J., Rosamilia L., Larsen L., et al. Objective assessment of isotretinoin-associated cheilitis: Isotretinoin Cheilitis Grading Scale. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016;27(2):153-155. https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09546634.2015.1086477
- Cassano N., De Benedittis M., Petruzzi M., et al. Topical Vitamin E acetate for the treatment of cheilitis: a multicentre experience. Eur J Inflamamm. 2003;1:125–128.
- Madke B., Shah H., Singh A.L., et al. Oral retinoid-induced cheilitis. Ind J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;2:50–53.
- Del Rosso J.Q. Clinical relevance of skin barrier changes associated with the use of oral isotretinoin: the importance of barrier repair therapy in patient management. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(6):626–631.
- Bettoli V., Guerra-Tapia A., Herane M.I., Piquero-Martin J. Challenges and solutions in oral isotretinoin in acne: reflections on 35 years of experience. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:943–951. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S234231
- Kmieć M.L., Pajor A., Broniarczyk-Dyła G. Evaluation of biophysical skin parameters and assessment of hair growth in patients with acne treated with isotretinoin. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2013;6:343–349. https://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2013.39432
- Перламутров Ю.Н., Ольховская К.Б. Клиническая эффективность и профиль безопасности системного изотретиноина в терапии акне. Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2020;19(5):730–736. [Perlamutrov Yu.N., Olkhovskaya K.B. Clinical effectiveness and safety profile of systemic isotretinoin in acne therapy. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology. 2020;19(5):730–736. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/klinderma202019051730
- Melnik B.C. Overexpression of p53 explains isotretinoin’s teratogenicity. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27(1):91–93. doi: 10.1111/exd.13420
- Prevost N., English J.C. Isotretinoin: update on controversial issues. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2013;26(5):290–293. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2013.05.007
- Choi J.S., Koren G., Nulman I. Pregnancy and isotretinoin therapy. CMAJ. 2013;185(5):411–413. https://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.120729
- Shin J., Cheetham T.C., Wong L., et al. The impact of the iPLEDGE program on isotretinoin fetal exposure in an integrated health care system. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(6):1117–1125. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2010.09.017
- Uusküla A., Pisarev H., Kurvits K., et al. Compliance with pregnancy prevention recommendations for isotretinoin in Estonia in 2012-2016. Drugs Real World Outcomes. 2018;5(2):129–136. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40801-018-0135-z
- Henry D., Dormuth C., Winquist B., et al. Occurrence of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes during isotretinoin therapy. CMAJ. 2016;188(10):723–730. https://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.151243
- Crijns H.J.M.J., Straus S.M., Gispen-de Wied C., de Jong-van den Berg L.T.W. Compliance with pregnancy prevention programmes of isotretinoin in Europe: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(2):238–244. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09976.x
- Albogami Y., Almadani O., Almohareb S.N., et al. Fetal exposure to isotretinoin in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter real-world data analysis from 2015 to 2020. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2024;15:1–10. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420986241272822
- Alshiyab D., Marie H.B., Alrawashdeh R., et al. Assessing the impact of oral isotretinoin on the menstrual cycle: a prospective study on predictors of menstrual irregularities. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60(5):832. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050832
- Dalgard F., Gieler U., Holm J.Ø., et al. Self-esteem and body satisfaction among late adolescents with acne: results from a population survey. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59(5):746–751. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2008.07.013
- Huang Y.C., Cheng Y.C. Isotretinoin treatment for acne and risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76(6):1068–1076.e9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.12.028
- Li C., Chen J., Wang W., et al. Use of isotretinoin and risk of depression in patients with acne: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(1):e021549. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021549
- Fernandes T., Magina S. Oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and psychiatric adverse effects – a systematic review. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2023;42(3):83–90. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2227889
- Bremner J.D., Shearer K.D., McCaffery P.J. Retinoic acid and affective disorders: the evidence for an association. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(1):37–50. https://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.10r05993
- Suarez B., Serrano A., Cova Y., Baptista T. Isotretinoin was not associated with depression or anxiety: a twelve-week study. World J Psychiatry. 2016;6(1):136–142. https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.136
- Commission on Human Medicines. Report of the commission on human medicines isotretinoin implementation Advisory Expert Working Group. London: GOV.UK; 2023. Date of access: 20.06.2025. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/report-of-the-commission-on-human-medicines-isotretinoin-implementation-advisory-expert-working-group
- Shawky A., Elsheikh M., Elrewiny E.M., et al. Isotretinoin-induced hypersomnia: a cross-sectional study and literature review. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2024;37(8):1–3. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ASW.0000000000000187
- Ismailogullari S., Ferahbas A., Aksu M., et al. Effects of isotretinoin treatment on sleep in patients with severe acne: a pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(6):778–781. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04095.x
- Ruiz-Lozano R.E., Hernandez-Camarena J.C., Garza-Garza L.A., et al. Isotretinoin and the eye: a review for the dermatologist. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e14029. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dth.14029
- Clayton J.A. Dry eye. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(23):2212–2223. https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1407936
- Karaosmanoğlu N., Mülkoğlu C. Analysis of musculoskeletal side effects of oral Isotretinoin treatment: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):631. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03656-w
- Pehlivan Y., Kisacik B., Sayiner Z.A., Onat A.M. Inflammatory back pain in patients treated with isotretinoin. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(12):2690. https://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.110703
- Eksioglu E., Oztekin F., Unlu E., et al. Sacroiliitis and polyneuropathy during isotretinoin treatment. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008;33(2):122–124. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02532.x
- Barbareschi M., Paresce E., Chiaratti A., et al. Unilateral sacroiliitis associated with systemic isotretinoin treatment. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49(3):331–333. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04334.x
- Lebwohl B., Sundström A., Jabri B., et al. Isotretinoin use and celiac disease: a population-based cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2014;15(6):537–542. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-014-0090-8
- Wright S., Strunk A., Garg A. Risk of new-onset inflammatory bowel disease among patients with acne vulgaris exposed to isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(1):41–45. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.042
- Fraunfelder F.W., Fraunfelder F.T., Corbett J.J. Isotretinoin-associated intracranial hypertension. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(6):1248–1250. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.09.044
- Hareedy M.S., Tawfik K.M. Systemic isotretinoin has an impact on hemoglobin, ferritin, urea, ceruloplasmin, albumin, uric acid levels, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in acne patients. J of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2022;21(11):6191–6198. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15199
Supplementary files
