University proceedings. volga region. technical sciences

Background. The object of the research is the energy supply system for spatially distributed groups of aerial objects. The subject of the research is algorithms for forming optimal clusters for simultaneous energy transmission to multiple unmanned aerial vehicles. The purpose of the work is to develop a new hybrid algorithm that optimizes the energy supply of aerial object groups, taking into account their current energy state and spatial distribution. Materials and methods. The research develops and analyzes a hybrid optimization algorithm for energy supply of spatially distributed groups of aerial objects. The algorithm is based on an adapted greedy method for solving the set covering problem with the application of a specialized objective function that includes three key criteria: maximizing the number of simultaneously serviced objects, prioritizing objects with critical charge levels, and minimizing angular movements of the energy support complex. The proposed strategy takes into account the spatial-energy characteristics of objects to optimize the distribution of energy resources. A mathematical model of spatial intersections of energy beam radiation patterns has been developed for the formation of optimal clusters. Results. A new hybrid algorithm has been proposed that provides priority service to objects with critically low charge levels and minimizes the number of necessary rotations of the energy support complex. The results of numerical modeling demonstrated the superiority of the developed algorithm over classical clustering methods (k-means, DBSCAN, hierarchical clustering) according to key metrics: coverage coefficient, efficiency of servicing aerial objects with critical charge, and angular efficiency. Conclusions. The developed hybrid algorithm for forming spatially distributed groups of aerial objects is more effective than existing methods for optimizing the energy supply of unmanned aerial vehicles. The proposed approach has a wide range of practical applications in energy supply systems for group flights of unmanned aerial vehicles for various purposes.

Background. The object of this study is mathematical models used to calculate the temporal characteristics of the start and end of actions in an information and telecommunications system under the influence of random factors. The purpose of this work is to derive formulas for calculating the probabilistic-temporal characteristics of an information and telecommunications system, taking into account the uniform and normal distribution of random factors at the start and end times of activities and actions. Materials and methods. The impact of independent random variables on the start and end times of actions and activities in a system is analyzed for both bounded (uniformly distributed) and unbounded (normally distributed) systems. Results. Formulas are derived for calculating the impact of random deviations in the start and end times of actions and activities under uniform and jointly uniform and normal distributions of deviation values from their ideal positions. Probability theory methods are employed, using the convolution integral for independent random variables. A comparison of the calculated and well-known experimental data revealed their qualitative agreement. Conclusions. The results can be applied in the design and operation of information and telecommunications systems to assess and minimize the impact of random factors on their operation.

Background. Conceptual models of automata-type autonomous reactive agents can be constructed using the automata-based programming paradigm in conjunction with conceptual models of knowledge- and rule-based artificial intelligence. Reactive agents are considered as entities underlying an intelligent system; in addition, the concept of a reactive agent is proposed to be used as a basis for agent-oriented reactive programming as a combination of the agent-oriented approach to programming with the automata and reactive approaches. The purpose of the work is to enhance the intellectual capabilities of finite automata and Petri nets through their integration with conceptual knowledge graphs, which will enable more active implementation of hybrid integrated models in interdisciplinary fields of artificial intelligence and enhance the intellectual capabilities of agent-based systems. Materials and methods. The operation of autonomous reactive agents is formalized based on first-order predicate logic, deductive inference rules, and discrete-event (automata and reactive) approaches. The concepts of reactive programming also extend to reactive agent-based programming. Results and conclusions. The concept of a reactive agent is proposed as the basis for agent-oriented reactive programming, combining agent-oriented programming with automata-based and reactive approaches. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by program fragments in Python and SWI-Prolog.

Background. Active exploration of near-Earth space requires reducing the cost and accelerating the development of electronic equipment (EE) resistant to factors affecting a spacecraft during its operation in orbit. Materials and methods. Today, to confirm the resistance of EE to ionizing radiation, tests are carried out using physical sources, which is associated with high cost, duration and risks of unsatisfactory test results. Results. To improve the quality of development of electronic equipment for space purposes, a technique for testing of the measurement channel when simulating the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) using software methods is proposed, implemented using an information and measuring system in the process of real temperature exposure to the object under study. Conclusions. The proposed solution will improve the quality of confirmation and forecasting of the parameters of space technology products by supplementing existing approaches with measurements of changes in EE parameters as part of preliminary tests on the territory of the manufacturer's enterprise when simulating exposure to ionizing radiation.

Background. The study examines the temperature and time dependencies of the properties of piezoelements included in dynamic pressure piezosensors, with a focus on conditions close to real-world operation, such as in power plants operating at high pressures and temperatures. The purpose of this work is to analyze mechanisms behind measurement errors, including thermosensitivity, material aging, thermoelastic stresses, pyroelectric effects, and discrepancies in the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of structural materials. Materials and methods. A modified bismuth titanate, NFI-TV-3, which is used in hightemperature piezosensors, was selected as the primary object of study. Results. The results of field tests of NFI-TV-3 piezoelements under cyclic temperature and pressure exposure, as well as the temporal stability of their electrophysical characteristics, are presented. It is shown that the main changes in the piezomodule occur within the first five cycles of thermomechanical treatment, reaching up to 15 %, after which stabilization comparable to artificial aging processes is achieved. Aging coefficients were determined for the NFI-TV-3 material, making it possible to predict changes in characteristics over time. Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, a hybrid method for compensating temperature and temporal error is proposed, employing physical-mathematical modeling and elements of machine learning; this approach makes it possible to account for individual nonlinear effects, enhance measurement accuracy, increase the calibration interval, and reduce requirements for the amount of experimental data. The obtained results and the developed method have practical value for the creation of highly accurate and reliable piezosensors for power plants and autonomous devices.

Background. The implementation of new technologies in the manufacturing processes of structural steel products allows for the improvement of their operational properties. One of the highly effective methods for enhancing the complex properties of steels and alloys is high-temperature thermomechanical treatment. The complexity of the process necessitates the analysis of technological parameters using informational models that enable the identification of the main parameters that have the greatest impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the products. Materials and methods. The analysis of the technological parameters of the process (deformation temperature, and tempering temperature, deformation degree) was carried out based on an informational model. The determination of the degree of influence of the model factors on the objective function was performed using statistical data processing methods. Results. An assessment was made of the degree of influence of technological (deformation temperature, and tempering temperature, deformation degree) parameters of the process on the values of yield strength, elongation, impact toughness, and hardness of the processed samples. Conclusions. Using the statistical data processing methods for informational models, along with computational devices and specialized software, allows for the analysis and assessment of the degree of influence of technological parameters of the high-temperature thermomechanical treatment process on the mechanical properties of the products.

Background. Ensuring the quality of mating surfaces of complex-shaped parts is an important task in mechanical engineering. Traditional finishing methods often fail to guarantee uniform layer modification without distorting the geometry. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the use of glow discharge plasma for precision quality improvement of such surfaces. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on samples made of 40Kh and 12Kh18N10T steels. A setup with a glow discharge plasma generator equipped with parameter control (voltage 350–550 V, current 80–200 mA, pressure 10–80 Pa, Ar + C3H8 medium) was used. Microstructural analysis, microhardness measurements (HV 0.1/10), and profilometry were applied. Models of ion implantation and ion flux density distribution were developed. Results. The treatment enabled the formation of a strengthened layer up to 35 μm deep. Microhardness increased by a factor of 1.4–1.6, and roughness (Ra) decreased by 30–40 %. The dependence of modification depth and roughness on processing parameters was established, showing good agreement between experimental data and calculated models. Conclusions. The glow discharge processing technology is effective for the finishing modification of complex-shaped mating surfaces. The developed scheme with automated control ensures reproducibility and allows for the integration of the method into serial production to enhance the wear resistance and reliability of machine assembly units.