Preliminary Doses Assessment to Victims Due to a Radiation Accident in the Scope of the Activities of a Specialized Radiological Team

Summary. The aim of the study is to substantiate the procedure for conducting a preliminary (operational) assessment of emergency doses of radiation exposure to those affected by a radiation accident (EA) to address the priority tasks facing the specialized radiological team (SRT) of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “SRC – Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan” of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia (FSBI SRC FMBC named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA of Russia).

Materials and methods of the study. The study materials are the experience of the specialized radiological team in the preliminary assessment of emergency doses of radiation exposure to those affected by EA. The research methods are a modern methodology of instrumental, calculation and clinical-laboratory methods for assessing external and internal radiation doses of those affected.

Research results and their analysis. A two-level assessment of dose values is presented – action levels (UD-1 and UD-2) for carrying out medical evacuation measures. It is noted that in some situations associated with high levels of uncontrolled uniform irradiation of personnel, clinical manifestations and hematological parameters allow confidently assessing the dose for the subsequent treatment strategy. Based on the experience of treating patients in the clinic of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Russian Federation, the manifestations of the primary reaction and the dynamics of hematological parameters during the first week after irradiation are systematized. Dosimetric measurements and laboratory studies are grouped by the order and timing of their implementation. It is concluded that the results of assessing radiation doses in the volume of activities carried out by the SRB are preliminary and should be used mainly to make decisions on the urgency (order) of sending the affected to a specialized hospital for further examination and treatment.