Changes in childhood visual disability in the arkhangelsk region: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the Russian Federation, the number of children with visual disability decreased by 4% in 2022 compared with that in 2014. Disability rate was 4.9 and 5.1 per 10,000 children, respectively. However, childhood visual disability rates vary greatly in the federal districts of the Russian Federation.

AIM: The study aimed to analyze the clinical entities and changes of childhood visual disability rates in the Arkhangelsk region in 2006–2023.

METHODS: A retrospective (with an analysis of medical records), cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted. It included data on cases of primary childhood visual disability and confirmation of visual disability status in the Arkhangelsk region in 2006–2023. The data were obtained from the annual reporting forms of the Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expert Evaluation of the Arkhangelsk region (Federal State Statistics Service Form No. 7-D (human services), Information on the Medical and Social Expertise of Children Under 18 Years of Age) and reports from healthcare facilities in the region used to generate an ophthalmic statistics note of the Arkhangelsk region.

RESULTS: Over the last 10 years, primary disability rates have hardly changed in the Arkhangelsk region. General childhood disability rate decreased from 24.3 to 23.0 per 10,000 children over 10 years, whereas rates of primary childhood visual disability were 0.61 and 0.64 per 10,000 children in 2014 and 2024, respectively. A total of 38 children confirmed their disability status in 2024, the rates were 2.0 and 6.5 per 10,000 children in 2024 and 2012, respectively. Overall childhood visual disability rates in the Arkhangelsk region were 6.42 and 7.0 per 10,000 children as of January 1, 2025 and in 2012, respectively. For overall childhood visual disability in 2024, the proportion of refractive errors decreased significantly (from 32.3 to 13.9%) compared with that in 2014. However, the proportion of other disorders increased, including retinal disorders (from 14% to 20.5%), optic nerve atrophy (from 10.1% to 18%), and developmental abnormalities (from 6.7% to 12.3%). The proportion of adult people with visual disability since childhood was 6.85%.

CONCLUSION: A comprehensive analysis of childhood visual disability identified the key contributing clinical entities. In addition, the data obtained will help to develop an action plan to prevent and reduce childhood visual disability based on available healthcare resources of the region.

About the authors

Andrej M. Revta

Arkhangelsk Clinical Ophthalmic Hospital; Northern State Medical University

Email: andrejrevta@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8662-1307
SPIN-code: 3171-7920

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk; Arkhangelsk

Elvira I. Saydasheva

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Author for correspondence.
Email: esaidasheva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4012-7324
SPIN-code: 7800-3264

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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