Олигополия курно: выбор стратегий при неопределенности и другие вопросы

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Работающие в условиях рыночной экономики фирмы не могут не рассматривать задачу увеличения доходов. Когда крупные фирмы своими действиями влияют на цены, за этой задачей стоит совсем не простая математика – игровые модели олигополии. В обзоре в большей степени рассматривается конкуренция по Курно, чем конкуренция по Бертрану. Обсуждаются вопросы существования, единственности, устойчивости равновесия Курно. Также рассматриваются: вопросы вступления новых фирм на рынок; барьеры, которые могут для этого ставиться; влияние такого вступления на материальное благосостояние общества, на совокупный излишек, излишек потребителя. Затрагиваются проблемы сговора между фирмами. Дается обзор публикаций, в которых сравниваются цены на товары, прибыли фирм, материальное благосостояние общества при конкуренции по Курно и при конкуренции по Бертрану. Значительное внимание уделяется тем проблемам, с которыми сталкиваются фирмы из-за незнания некоторых текущих или будущих условий рынка, имеющейся неопределенности. Рассматриваются вопросы обмена информацией между фирмами. Один из подходов к снижению предельных затрат – покупка лицензий; равновесия Курно при продаже лицензий также приведены в обзоре. Представлены методы расчетов для равновесий Курно (для случая, когда каждая фирма производит несколько товаров) и публикации, в которых равновесия Курно используются при решении конкретных прикладных задач.

Об авторах

А. С Шведов

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»

Email: ashvedov@hse.ru
г. Москва, Россия

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