Detection of adulteration of fish caviar by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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Abstract

The use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for differentiation of natural and imitated caviar of various fish species: salmon, sturgeon, and particulate species has been proposed. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) have been used as tools for multivariate statistical analysis. The use of PCA and HCA have allowed effective visualisation of differences between caviar samples in terms of authenticity. It has been found that samples from different groups have been located in separate quadrants on PCA plots and formed separate clusters on dendrograms. The analysis of load plots has showed that magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and iron are the key elements responsible for the separation of samples by authenticity. For salmon fishcaviar, the main difference between natural and imitated caviar is due to the concentrations of these elements, with natural caviar having higher values. In the case of sturgeon caviar, the influence of copper is additionally noticeable, which also contributes to the differentiation between natural and imitated caviar. PCA plots and dendrograms for sturgeon fish show a clear differentiation between the different types of caviar: natural, imitation and halibut caviar. For particulate fish, differentiation of natural and imitated pike caviar is observed based on the same elements as for other caviar types. The high effi ciency of using mass spectrometry in combination with chemometric methods for detection of adulteration of fi sh caviar of diff erent species by their elemental composition has been proved.

About the authors

Ekaterina K. Sharapova

The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality

5 Zvenigorodskoye Shosse, Moscow 123022, Russia

Oleg E. Emelyanov

Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs

ORCID iD: 0009-0002-8945-8028
87, Gorkiy Str., Vladimir, 60000, Russia

Vasiliy G. Amelin

Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs

87, Gorkiy Str., Vladimir, 60000, Russia

Alexey V. Tretyakov

Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs

87, Gorkiy Str., Vladimir, 60000, Russia

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