Effects of short peptides on the molecular mechanisms of aging in laboratory primates

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Introduction. Short peptides are considered a promising class of geroprotective agents capable of modifying key molecular mechanisms of aging, from epigenetic regulation of gene expression to maintenance of neuroendocrine and antioxidant homeostasis. Laboratory non-human primates represent the closest translational models to humans for preclinical evaluation of geroprotective strategies.

Objective. To systematize and critically analyze current data on the effects of short peptides on the molecular mechanisms of aging in laboratory primates and to discuss the prospects for their use in personalized geroprotective therapy.

Material and methods. This review summarizes the results of experimental studies in various primate species (Macaca mulatta, Microcebus murinus, Callithrix jacchus, Cebus apella) and key publications on molecular aspects of the action of short peptides (pineal, pancreatic, cerebral and others) selected from Russian and international peer-reviewed journals and databases (RSCI, PubMed, Scopus). Particular attention is paid to the work of the Russian school of peptide bioregulation led by Academician V.Kh. Khavinson.

Results. Course administration of short pineal peptides (Epithalamin, Epitalon) in aged monkeys normalizes daily rhythms of melatonin and cortisol secretion, increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces the intensity of free-radical oxidation. The tripeptide EDR (Pinealon) improves cognitive functions in primates and helps restore neuroimmunoendocrine balance. The tetrapeptide Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp (Pankragen) exerts a pronounced regulatory effect on carbohydrate metabolism by restoring endocrine function of the pancreas. Data are summarized on the ability of short peptides to interact with DNA and chromatin, modulate gene methylation, endonuclease and telomerase activity, and influence telomere length, thereby providing epigenetic correction of age-associated changes.

Conclusion. Short peptides are a promising class of geroprotective molecules acting on key epigenetic and neuroendocrine mechanisms of aging. The use of laboratory primates as a translational model allows extrapolation of experimental data to clinical practice and provides a basis for scientifically grounded personalized programs of peptide-based correction of aging. Further controlled studies using modern molecular biomarkers of aging are required to clarify the long-term efficacy and safety of peptide therapy.

作者简介

Svetlana Trofimova

Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology

Email: dr.s.trofimova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5190-1824

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director

俄罗斯联邦, Dinamo Ave., 3, Saint-Petersburg, 197110

Tamara Kuznetsova

I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: dr.tamara.kuznetspva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0196-0519

Head of the Anthropoidnik group, Doctor of Biological Sciences

俄罗斯联邦, Makarova Emb., 6, Saint-Petersburg, 199034

Alexander Trofimov

Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: Alexander.Trofimov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-9606-524X

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Biogerontology; employee

俄罗斯联邦, Dinamo Ave., 3, Saint-Petersburg, 197110; Via Luigi Polacchi, 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy

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