Outcomes of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection

Introduction. The epidemiological process in tuberculosis is negatively affected by the HIV epidemic, the identification of vulnerable groups in relation to the unfavorable course of tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection will improve approaches to treatment and prevention.

The aim of the study was to determine the outcomes of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients under dispensary supervision with active tuberculosis, and the results of dispensary observation of clinically cured patients with co-infection.

Method. 187 patients aged 18–60 years with tuberculosis and HIV infection underwent clinical and laboratory, microbiological and radiation studies, statistical processing was carried out using the Microsoft Excel application software package.

Results. HIV-infected patients with clinical treatment of tuberculosis have low rates of CD4⁺ lymphocytes – (0,315•10⁹±0,02)•10⁹ and a high viral load compared to patients with active tuberculosis. After a year, 16.7% of patients with clinical treatment are removed from the register, 36.0% of patients with active tuberculosis are cured, 28.8% of patients have an exacerbation of the process or interruption of treatment, 11.3% die.

Conclusion. In HIV-infected patients with clinical treatment of tuberculosis, the indicators of CD4⁺ lymphocytes are lower and the viral load is higher than in patients with active tuberculosis, which indicates insufficient adherence to treatment at the outpatient stage and a high risk of recurrence of tuberculosis. The involvement of patients in working with the Call Center contributes to the formation of adherence to both anti-tuberculosis treatment and antiretroviral therapy and favorable outcomes of the disease.