Vol 25, No 3 (2022)

The article provides information on the content of heavy metals in surface waters, bottom sediments and muscles of silver carp in the Olgokhta river upper reach. The gathered data analysis shows that concentration of heavy metals in researched objects does not exceed their maximum allowable values. The acquired data could be considered as a background value for the region due to the absence of anthropogenic load on the watercourse.

The article considers the results of  microbiological study of the sulfate-reducing bacteria count and  activity in the Amur River at different hydrological regimes. It has been established that with an increase in the Amur River water level, the activity of SRP increases due to the intensification of microbiological destruction processes of organic substances that make up flooded soils and plant residues.

The work deals with the analysis of  reforestation activities in the  Magadan region from 1965 to the present day. According to the obtaineddata, the condition of forest crops is not satisfactory, despite all the measures taken for forest reproduction, which proves ineffectiveness of artificial reforestation under extreme climatic conditions.

To identify the spatial, inter-annual and inter-seasonal dynamics of the daily amplitude of air temperature, the author uses the data from 99 weather stations in the Russian Far East for the period of 2000– 2019. It is shown that the maximum values of the daily amplitude are typical for the continental territories in the north, while the minimum ones – for the continental areas in the south, and for sea stations. For almost all weather stations, the amplitude is minimal in winter – in December and January. In general, a clear annual range and significant differences in values during the year were revealed for continental stations.

The maximum at the continental northern stations is shown for April, while at the continental southern stations – in February. Marine areas are characterized by a smoothed seasonal course of the studied parameter, with a certain dimly marked maximum in February-March. A decrease in the day–to-day dynamics of air temperature amplitude over the period of 2000–2019 was revealed due to a faster increase in minimum temperatures as compared to maximum, which is typical for most of the weather stations. At the same time, an increase in the amplitude is shown at some stations, which is associated with a higher positive trend of maximum temperatures.

The authors present the results of green infrastructure vital status assessing under the road traffic impact in Birobidzhan. They calculated the index and total one-time emission of carbon monoxide from vehicles in different parts of the town. Most trees near the roads were found to be in impaired state (vital status index 0.50–0.70), especially the coniferous species. The more a distance from the town roads, the larger number of healthy trees was identified. The crossroads, located at the bypass roads with heavy trucks traffic, have the highest values of CO emissions (from 0.035 to 0.045 g/s). It was found a strong correlation between CO emissions and the vital status index of roadside green infrastructure, demonstrated  by the  r-Pearson correlation coefficients critical values (p=0.2319).

A map of the current state of urban landscapes has been compiled, taking into account the transformation of natural landscapes. Within the urban area,  there defined 1774 separate landscape areas belonging to 5 rows, of which 14 genera are distinguished according to the nature of their anthropogenic modification. The author has determined the features of changes in the spatial structure of urban landscapes.

In the paper, the authors represent the stages of the Khabarovsk Territory landscape -ecological zoning.  They propose the main categories of landscapes according to their ecological value, on the example of the  Khabarovsk Territory municipal districts. Landscape- ecological zoning is of great importance for planning the ecological policy of municipal districts. 

The concentration of chemical elements  in the Amur riverbed is considered as a function of the state of their soluble and suspended forms. It was revealed that slow-moving chemical elements (Fe, Al, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb) migrate both in large organic colloids (0.45–1.0 μm) and in soluble complex salts. The role of organic matter in the redistribution of elements between their suspended and soluble forms has been studied. The authors describe the mechanisms of migration of chemical compounds.

The author considers separate problems of formation and effective implementation of regional environmental policy. It is shown that a number of problems are laid at the stage of elaborating environmental regional programs – the documents designed to reflect the specifics of the territory in solving the most significant environmental protection tasks. The problems are connected, in particular, with the lack of environmental programs coordination with strategic plans for the development of regions, and with uniformity and selectivity of the indicators used, etc. The research deals with the study of regulatory documents in the  environmental policy  of the Russian Federation and of the Far Eastern Federal District subjects (Far Eastern Federal District), with the Rosstat data study, that would allow effective results  in this field.

In the paper, the author considers the problems of green construction and its role in the sustainable development of the town of Khabarovsk.

In the work, the author shows that the present day systems of sustainable development indicators do not take into account the world main criterion for it – striking a balance between human activity and the biosphere reproductive capabilities. 

In this paper , the author provides new data on the composition of organic matter in the Annensk Field (Far East, Russia) thermal waters. In total, 98 compounds, 14 homologous series were found in hot waters, where ethers, nitrogen-containing compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes are widespread. The established compounds genesis is presumably assessed as thermogenic and biogenic (mainly bacterial).

The paper shows a possibility of using the cluster analysis of small rivers hydro-chemical data for the pollution intensity screening indication, as well as for identifying  the main pollutants, dependent on the objects located in the  area under study.

In the paper, it is given the characteristics of the river waters chemical composition in the central part of Khabarovsk during spring flood. It is found that at the initial period of snow-melting  the levels of sodium chloride composition  and water mineralization are the highest. 

The paper presents the research results on the content of nitrogen mineral forms and phosphorus  in water of the Bureysky reservoir in the high-water year of 2021. The highest content of ammonium nitrogen was determined at the Tuyun sitebottom water layer, and of nitrate nitrogen – at the Priplotinny site. The average concentration of ammonium nitrogen was found to be 0.026 mg N/l, of nitrate nitrogen – 0.077 mg N/l, and of mineral phosphorus – 0.0013 mg R/l. 

Ilmenite magmatism is characteristic of ore deposits, and it is absent in magnetite-series rocks. Modern methods in Redox conditions mapping can be used to identify promising areas for  tin deposits prospecting.

The redox – conditions maps were made, and it was determined the boundaries of ilmenite and magnetite magmatism for the Far Eastern magmatic structures of Eastern Yakutia, the Mongol-Okhotsk western part , and Sikhote-Alin orogenic belts.

The Malmyzh ore cluster, which was revealed in 1970–1976, is located in the central part of the Khabarovsk territory, on the right bank of the Amur River. The ore deposits are timed to Late Cretaceous intrusions that break through sedimentary formations of the Early Cretaceous. Mineralization is controlled by intrusive dome structures.

In the aquifer, feldspars and other minerals are being destroyed forming secondary minerals – amorphous silica, clay minerals and secondary siderite.

The authors present the results of studying the material composition of terrigenous rocks at the early Silurian Cordonkà formation of the South-Western Primorye. In terms of their parameters, the rocks correspond to petrogenic graywackes formed due to mechanical destruction of rocks of demolition sources. They are characterized by a low degree of the material maturity, weak processing of it, high burial speed. Interpretation of the results showed that sediments accumulated in the basin associated with the oceanic island arc. The sources area was the arc itself, composed of the basic and intermediate volcanic rocks, as well as the igneous and sedimentary formations of its basement.

The composition of Late Mesozoic sand rocks of the Ussuri-Amur interfluve is described by the authors, who have  reconstructedthe demolition areasrockscomposition.

The author has made a comparative analysis between Miocene basaltoids of the eastern Bureya Massif (Udurchukan Formation, Ayakit Complex) and the adjacent areas of the Sikhote-Alin fold system (Ostrogorsk Complex).

With an increase in the number of seismic stations and their throughput in the Amur region, the representativeness of the catalog grows. The author has analyzed the earthquake magnitudes distribution in four time ranges and revealed their static regularity. Earthquake magnitude distributions mark large tectonic structures. It allows the study of three-dimensional geological structure of the Amur region in continuous space, and over a wide time range.

The oil and gas potential of the Cenozoic deposits of the Sanjiang-Middle Amur sedimentary basin was assessed on the basis of two-dimensional spacial-temporal digital models. The obtained results show that favorable conditions for gas formation are in the southwestern part of the Pereyaslav graben, while both oil and gas formation is characteristic of its northeastern part. The Birofeldsky and Chernorechensky centers in the Cenozoic complex of the Pereyaslavsky graben are the main sources of hydrocarbons. Cenozoic deposits within the Nongjiang graben currently also generate hydrocarbons.

In this paper, the author considers the necessity of the microseismic soundingmethod (MSM)and possible approaches to  estimation of its accuracy. The MSM method is a passive amplitude method for seismic tomography in which spatial variations in Rayleigh wave amplitudes are associated with variations in shear wave velocities.  Two statistical methods for estimating the accuracy of the values given on the high-speed sections of the MSM method are discussed.

The authors present the results of the microseismic sounding method application to the study of the earth’s cruststructure in the western part of the Middle Amur sedimentary basin.It has been revealed a good correspondence between the built sections, results of seismic profiling and geoelectric section, according to the data of audio-magnetotelluric sounding. The researchers have clarified the boundaries of the Bashmaksky, Preobrazhenovsky, and Samaro-Ditursky grabens.

New seismic survey data on the Killakh thrust zone made it possible to clarify the structure of the thrust, the capacity of their sedimentary complexes, and the position of the detachment.

The author shows the system of career guidance and personnel training for the mining industry in the Khabarovsk Territory. The system allows reducing the shortage of qualified personnel at the existing and newly commissioned production facilities of the mining industry in the region. It is concluded that if the experience is shown and distributed in other subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, it would increase the production potential of the mining industry in the region.

This article is devoted to the problems of economic security in the Russian Far East at the present stage considering its political aspects in the pandemic context, confrontation with Western countries and international sanctions. In the first part of the work, the author dwells in detail on the theoretical basis of the study. In the second he considers the practical issues of specific threats to economic security.

The authors consider the changes in the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Far East occurred under the influence of the Eastern vector in the energy policy. Based on the employment and GVA regional complex data, the authors carry out a traditional and spatial shift-share analysis for the period of 2012–2019. The extractive industries of the fuel and energy complex in the Far East are distinguished by positive competitive effects. It is shown that the most important factor in the formation of competitive effects are gains/losses in interregional competition, and not spatial externalities.

The iron ore deposits in the Jewish Autonomous region are characterized by large reserves of ores (3bn. tons) and super-large resources of precious metals (1500–2500 tons). The newly created Kimkan-Sutarsky GOK is focused only on dry ore dressing, instead of the previously planned metallurgical plant for steel production. The state directive documents provide for the complete processing of natural raw materials on site and obtain the final product. The presence of large resources of gold and platinum in iron ores, exceeding the value of the iron ore containing them makes it necessary and obligatory to build a metallurgical plant with complete processing of ores. That would dramatically increase the efficiency of the enterprise and ensure the breakthrough development of the entire economy of the Far East.

In the paper, the author considers the concept of subculture forming in the process of the quasi-intellectual game «Mind Games». The work provides a description of the community members structure. It is stated that the community has no self-designation and the majority of community members belong to the same social-economic stratum.

In the paper, the authors consider the issues of migratory moods of rural residents in the Jewish Autonomous region. The analysis made on the base of non-formalized interviews with residents of two rural areas of the region helped in identifying the reasons why the people think of changing their place of residence. It is stated that a significant reason affecting the migration moods is the underdeveloped social-economic conditions in the region. In most cases, however, these ideas are not put into practice.

The Khabarovsk Territory is systematically forming its infrastructure. Major projects in this area for the region are the roads Lidoga – Vanino, Selikhino – Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. The construction of roads initiated the exploration and exploitation of mineral deposits. For the development of the respective territories, subsoil use turned out to be the basis of their economy.

The relevance of the chosen research is determined by the need for the elderly people to socially integrate into modern realities of the social development. This need is associated with a demographic factor, namely, with increase of the elderly people share in the society social structure, which inevitably leads to the social-demographic structure transformation. At the same time, integration of an elderly person depends on social barriers, such as communicative hindrances arising from the discrepancy of social values, attitudes, as well as confrontation of social roles in the interaction of generations.

In the paper, the author considers the missed opportunities for opening cross-border crossings between the regions of Primorye and the Amurregion with the northeast of China to overcome financial, economic and sanctions crises. Since the mid 90s in the 20th century, negotiations were underway to build a cross-border infrastructure to expand trade between the two countries, but not a single project was implemented.

In the work, the author reveals the predominance of low financial independence of urban and municipal  budgets of the Far East districts, against the background of a decrease in the possibility of free disposal of budgetary resources for all types of municipalities for the entire period of local government reform. 

The southern regions of the Russian Far East, including Jewish Autonomous region are among the regions most vulnerable to floods. Social vulnerability index to floods helps in identifying territories with the most vulnerable population, and social-economic parameters which influence vulnerability the most. In this study the most suitable method was chosen to calculate the index for JAR.

The article shows the changing role of Chinese labor migrants in agriculture in the border region of the Russian Far East. Three stages have been allocated for the period from 2000 to 2021, characterized bythe number of Chinese labor migrants, as well as their functions in the agriculture of the Jewish Autonomous region. The author also shows the need of taking into account the level of qualification of the involved specialists.

In the article, based on the consideration of agricultural production dynamic series in the Jewish Autonomous region for the period of 2005–2020, the author makes the analysis showing a compliance with the indicators reflecting the level of self-sufficiency of the territory.  

Reactions to the pandemic crisis in 2020–2021 were significantly differentiated in territorial and sector aspects. They had different territorial and segment specifics in bank lending as well. Considering regional Far Eastern banks as an example, the author has made an attempt to define the features of behavior and the role of credit institutions in providing retail lending, including mortgage, to the population of the region during the first and second pandemic «waves» of  2020, therefore, supporting demand in the economy.

In  the paper, it is considered  phytoplankton distribution on the Sea of Okhotsk West Kamchatka shelf. The researchers compare phytoplankton in spring-summer-autumn seasons of warm 2015 and cold 2016. They apply mathematical models  to estimate the phytoplankton abundance in the water column. Satellite measurements of a sea surface are used as initial or as left boundary condition for solving a system of equations in a mathematical model. Depth illumination is calculated by differential equation.

The paper uses methods of mathematical modeling to estimate a zooplankton influence on the dynamics of phytoplankton abundance. We propose a three-component model of the phytoplankton-zooplankton community with discrete time, in which toxic and non-toxic species of phytoplankton compete for resources. We use the Holling functional response of type II to describe interaction between zoo- and phytoplankton. The restriction of phytoplankton biomass growth by the availability of external resources (mineral nutrition, oxygen, light, etc.) is described by the Ricker competition model.

Analyzing data on the physiological state of the northern fur seal females on Tyuleniy Island, which were captured at sea in the period of 1958–1980, we compare the trends with those observed in the populations of Pribylov Islands. Despite a significant difference in the fur seal harvesting strategies used for the Pribylov and Tyuleniy populations, the analysis revealed similar dynamics in the reproductive characteristics of females from both locations during the period of intensive hunting. There were a higher age of first birth and lower pregnancy rates of young females.

The paper studies a two-component model of plankton community with discrete time. To describe the interaction between phytoplankton  and zooplankton, we use the Arditi–Ginzburg response function. 

Using simulation modeling, the comparativeanalysis  of spruce stands  productivity for different planting schemes has been carried out. It is shown that in the absence of external factors, the square planting pattern is optimal, as compared to the rectangular one for obtaining the maximum wood supply. It is shown that in the case of annual impact of external factors, the maximum wood reserves for square and rectangular planting patterns have similar values.

In the paper, the authors investigate the mechanisms leading to genetic divergence, i.e. stable genetic differences between two adjacent populations coupled by migration. It is shown that genetic divergence is stable only for populations that maintain their numbers ratio at a constant level. Otherwise, genetic divergence is possible only as part of the transition process.

The paper deals with the study of dynamics of fast-slow system consisting of two non-identical communities «predator – prey» coupled by migration. We study the mechanisms that lead to the complex space-time structures in the case of a weak coupling between very different communities. The community dynamics in this case is non-synchronous or partially synchronous.

The paper studies a model of the evolutionary dynamics of a population with an age structure, in which density-dependent factors limit the survival of juveniles. At this, the reproductive potential is determined genetically, and the reproduction processes are confined to a certain annual season.

On the discrete-time model basis we study the influence of selective harvest on the dynamics of a population with age and sex structures. We consider three harvest strategies, when some part of a younger age class, or mature males, or mature females are removed. We show that the exploited sex and age-specific group equilibrium size (after reproduction) can increase with the increase of harvested individuals proportion; that is, the hydra effect is observed.

The article considers an important issue  concerning the role of local history in the formation of patriotism as a national idea. The author shows that much is being done in the Jewish Autonomous region to preserve its history and traditions,so that residents, guests of the autonomy, and especially young people, learn more about their small homeland. Some proposals have been made for the development and implementation of the educational governor’s program for the preservation of the historical and cultural heritage of the region.

The Ayansky Tract is the shortest route from Yakutsk to the Pacific Ocean. Its role in the Far East development was major. Operation of this road had a wave-like character: periods of rise  replaced periods of decrease in cargo flows between the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and the Ayano-Maysky region of the Khabarovsk Territory, the Asia-Pacific countries. In the future, the construction of the gravel road from the Ayan rural settlement to Yakutsk will eliminate the transport isolation of northern settlements, providing the improvement of the local population quality of life and the Northern Transport Corridor formation. The road commissioning will activate economic development of the  territory possessing the richest natural resource potential.