Physico-chemical control of lake Sevan water quality
- Authors: Atoyan M.A.1, Barsegyan S.S.2, Galkina D.A.1, Djavakhyan M.A.3,4, Khachaturyan M.A.1, Pleteneva T.V.1
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Affiliations:
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
- Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
- Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Health of Russia
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Issue: Vol 28, No 5 (2025)
- Pages: 50-60
- Section: Pharmaceutical chemistry
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/1560-9596/article/view/295961
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2025-05-06
- ID: 295961
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Abstract
Introdoction. The high-altitude lake of the Caucasus – Sevan, is a natural source of water for the population and agricultural lands, including areas for growing medicinal plant raw materials. Against the background of anthropogenic impact, there is active development of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, as well as exceeding the normative values of heavy metals in both the Large and Small Sevan lakes.
Objective of the study – to apply physicochemical methods of analysis, used in pharmacopoeial analysis, to assess the water quality of Lake Sevan.
Material and methods. Water quality monitoring of Lake Sevan was conducted using electrochemical methods (conductometry and potentiometry), water dispersity was evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), the content of essential elements and heavy metals was determined (X-ray fluorescence analysis – XRF), and potentially toxic organic compounds were investigated (IR spectroscopy and HPLC-MS, GC-MS).
Results. The average values of specific electrical conductivity and the corresponding concentrations of standard salt solutions indicate the absence of statistical differences for waters of different seasons, i.e. they do not depend on temperature fluctuations and the environmental load on the lake. The waters of Lake Sevan have a pH of 8.6–8.9. The waters are characterized by polydispersity with maxima at 164 nm and in the range from 255 to 342 nm. The IR spectra of the residues after water removal demonstrated the presence of organic compounds of different classes, the content of which is higher in summer. Traces of potentially toxic compounds were detected using the chromatographic method. Inorganic components are ranked by content: Cl (2.3%) > K (0.7%) > S (0.5%) > Ca (0.41%) > Br (107 ppm) > Zn (38 ppm) > Fe (23 ppm) > Mn (6.2 ppm) > Cu (2.1 ppm).
Conclusions. The analysis of water samples from Lake Sevan in summer and winter demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring their quality using pharmacopoeial physicochemical methods. Lake Sevan is a sustainable ecosystem that requires careful management to avoid its negative transformation.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
M. A. Atoyan
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Author for correspondence.
Email: meri.atoyan@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-5422-1449
SPIN-code: 7573-3275
Medical Institute, Master's student, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry
Russian Federation, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198S. S. Barsegyan
Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Email: areviklu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6234-4253
SPIN-code: 1261-1536
Ph.D. (Pharm.), Head of the Department of Forensic Chemical and Toxicological Studies
Russian Federation, 12/13 Polikarpova st., Moscow, 125284D. A. Galkina
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Email: skretti@hotmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0270-2888
SPIN-code: 7573-3270
Ph.D. (Pharm.), Medical Institute, Assistant, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry
Russian Federation, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198M. A. Djavakhyan
Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Health of Russia; All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Email: akopovamarina13@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2673-6203
SPIN-code: 3912-4027
Dr.Sc. (Pharm.), Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute of Pharmacy, Chief Research Scientist
Russian Federation, 4 Dolgorukovskaya st., Moscow, 127006; 7 Grina, st., Moscow, 117216M. A. Khachaturyan
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Email: mar.982@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-1334-5992
SPIN-code: 1273-2576
Ph.D. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Medical Institute, Research Assistant, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry
Russian Federation, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198T. V. Pleteneva
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Email: tvplet@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7297-980X
SPIN-code: 1273-2555
Dr.Sc. (Chem.), Medical Institute, Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry
Russian Federation, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198References
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