Vol 24, No 1 (2019)

Local inflammation in H. pylori infection is characterized by infiltration of the gastric mucosa by neutrophils and specific lymphocytes, an increase in the production of immunoregulatory, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. IL-4 is the most important regulatory cytokine that plays a role in a huge number of immune and non-immune functions. IL-8 is a potent angiogenic factor and chemoattractant, its presence in the circulation can have a systemic pro-inflammatory effect on the body. IL-4 and IL-8 in H. pylori infection has been studied insufficiently. The goal is to establish serum levels of IL-4 and IL-8 in patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Materials and methods. 95 patients of the gastroenterological department were examined, of them 37 men and 58 women (mean age 59 years): 53 patients diagnosed with chronic active gastritis (CAG, including erosive gastroduodenitis) and 42 patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer (PU). Patients were conditionally divided into 4 subgroups: PU (without confirming the presence in patients with Hp according to generally accepted methods), PU + Hp (patients with the presence of Hp), CAG and CAG + Hp. Results. An increase in serum IL-4 levels (above 10 pg / ml) was observed in only 50.7% of patients, with approximately the same frequency in patients with CAG and PU, and an increase in serum IL-8 levels (above 0.062 ng / ml) - in most patients (90%), and the highest levels of IL8 were detected in patients with PU + Hp. In the first analysis, 31% of patients had elevated levels of IL-8 in the absence of IL-4, while in the second analysis - already 62% of patients (p ≤ 0.01). This indicated a sharp twofold decrease in the production of IL-4 in just a few days between the two analyzes. Conclusion. Considering that an increase in serum levels of IL-8 is found in a larger number of patients than IL-4, which, moreover, ceases to be detected in serum, it can be assumed that the production and anti-inflammatory effect of IL-4 are insufficient in some patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Against this background, elevated levels of IL-8 can help maintain inflammation in a significant number of patients, as well as reduce the effectiveness of eradication therapy.

The article presents the experience of the interdepartmental commission for the diagnosis of brucellosis. A retrospective analysis of cases of brucellosis in the region revealed the prevalence of primary chronic and residual clinical and pathogenetic variants of the disease among the population with a household and occupational risk of infection. The role of a comprehensive assessment of epidemiological, epizootological, clinical and laboratory criteria for diagnosis is shown. The assessment of the significance of each of the criteria in the complex conclusion of the commission allows to determine the vectors of additional epidemiological investigation and clinical and laboratory examination.

This review is devoted to assessing the world’s prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in lung cancer (LC), which is recognized as the etiological factor of cervical cancer. However, data show that this virus is presents not only in gynecological carcinomas, but also in tumors of other organs, in particular, the upper respiratory tract and the digestive tract. The review includes 54 articles. Of all the studies analyzed, 10 of them showed a complete absence of HPV in the biological material in patients with LC. The highest percentage of HPV occurrence by region is observed in Australia, Latin America, followed by the Asian region. Interestingly, the highest occurrence of high oncogenic types (16 and 18) is observed in Asia (35.4%), then in Latin America (33.6%) and Europe (23.6%). Low oncogenic types (6 and 11) are mainly observed in Asia (40.0%). This review is the first such study in Russia. However, the frequency of occurrence of HPV in lung tumor tissue highly variety. This may raise the question of whether HPV really plays a role in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer, which makes further research in this area relevant and promising.