Surgical management of proximal humeral fractures
- Authors: Kesyan G.A.1, Karapetyan G.S.1, Shuyskiy A.A.1
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Affiliations:
- Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
- Issue: Vol 32, No 4 (2025)
- Pages: 752-762
- Section: Original study articles
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/0869-8678/article/view/361206
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/vto634708
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/CMUSCR
- ID: 361206
Cite item
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current clinical guidelines for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures standardize each case based solely on the type of injury. However, there is no systemic approach to the choice between performing humeral osteosynthesis or shoulder arthroplasty, based on a comprehensive assessment of objective diagnostic criteria.
AIM: The work aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm with the aim of enabling a differentiated approach to the surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures.
METHODS: This pilot, single-center, cohort, retrospective, observational study with a complete sample compared quantitative and qualitative data from two groups of patients. Outcomes of 50 patients with proximal metaepiphyseal humeral fractures treated surgically between 2019 and 2022 were analyzed. All patients underwent multislice computed tomography of the shoulder joint. Computed tomography data were used to calculate Hounsfield units of the humeral fracture fragments. Prognostically, Hounsfield units values below 65, corresponding to significant reduction in bone density due to regional or systemic osteoporosis, indicated a poor outlook for osteosynthesis, with elevated risks of implant instability, secondary fragment displacement, and nonunion of the fracture site. In cases with satisfactory bone density values, osteosynthesis techniques for humeral fractures were applied. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty was performed in patients with fractures unsuitable for reconstruction. Functional, clinical, and radiological outcomes of surgical treatment were assessed in both groups. Functional and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.
RESULTS: Retrospective follow-up showed no adverse osteosynthesis outcomes such as nonunion or avascular necrosis of the fragments. No purulent-inflammatory complications occurred. Fracture consolidation was achieved, and favorable functional outcomes were observed in all patients treated with either osteosynthesis or shoulder joint arthroplasty.
CONCLUSION: Measurement of Hounsfield units of bone fragments represents an objective quantitative criterion for assessing bone tissue density and predicting the feasibility of humeral fracture osteosynthesis.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Gurgen A. Kesyan
Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Email: kesyan.gurgen@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1933-1822
SPIN-code: 8960-7440
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, MoscowGrigoriy S. Karapetyan
Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Email: dr.karapetian@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3172-0161
SPIN-code: 6025-2377
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, MoscowArtyom A. Shuyskiy
Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Author for correspondence.
Email: shuj-artyom@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9028-3969
SPIN-code: 6125-1792
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
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