卷 33, 编号 5 (2025)
Editorial
Yuri Vasilyevich Gulyaev: Milestones of a Great Journey
摘要
This month we are celebrating the anniversary of the Editor-in-Chief of the journal "Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics" (Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics), Scientific Director of the V.A. Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Yuri Vasilyevich Gulyaev.
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):609-614
609-614
Bifurcation in dynamical systems. Deterministic chaos. Quantum chaos
Transformation of caustic structures of the catastrophe type during the propagation of electromagnetic waves in cold plasma
摘要
The purpose of the work is to investigate the possibilities of formation of centers of topological caustic singularities of the catastrophe type during probing of a unimodal plasma layer by electromagnetic waves. The centers of caustic singularities correspond to the focusing regions of electromagnetic fields of different orders. Therefore, their study is an urgent task. Methods. The article develops a method for calculating the position of the centers of singularities in an extended parameter space, which in addition to coordinates include the height of the plasma layer, the angle of the ray exit, the ratio of the plasma frequency to the operating frequency, and cubicity. The Hamilton-Lukin bicharacteristic method is used to calculate the ray trajectories. Results. Mathematical modeling is performed using the example of a flat-layered plasma layer with a cubic dependence of the electron concentration on the height. Explicit expressions for the eikonal derivatives up to the eighth order inclusive are obtained, which makes it possible to determine the centers of the main cuspoid catastrophes. Graphs are constructed for the dependences of coordinates, the height of the trajectory reflection from the plasma layer, the distance from the radiation source to the plasma layer, the ray exit angle, and the ratio of the plasma frequency to the operating frequency on cubicity for a butterfly-type catastrophe. It is shown that the height of the trajectory reflection from the plasma layer, the distance from the radiation source to the plasma layer, and the height of the singularity reach maximum values for a parabolic layer. It is established that a butterfly-type singularity occurs even when not only the function itself describing the electron concentration is continuous, but also its derivative. Conclusion. The developed approach allows us to find the centers of not only the “butterfly” type catastrophe, but also the centers of other topological cuspoid singularities: “cusp”, “swallow tail”, “wigwam”, “star”, which is of great practical importance in studying the propagation of radio waves in ionospheric plasma.
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):615-628
615-628
Information technology based on noise-like signals
摘要
The purpose of this article is a brief overview of the results of research on the use of noise-like signals in broadband radio systems conducted under the leadership of Yuri Vasilyevich Gulyaev. Methods. The conducted research was based on the previous experience of the V.A. Kotelnikov IRE RAS research team related to the development of analog noise-like devices (shumotrons) based on the concept of dynamic chaos. The continuation of these studies was associated with the development of digital chaos based on integer generating algorithms that could be easily reproduced on any digital technology. Results. Promising directions of using information technologies using dynamic chaos for the transmission, processing, storage and protection of information are considered. Broadband information transmission systems using complex signals with a large base, built on the basis of systems with chaotic dynamics, are presented. Finite-dimensional mathematical algorithms for calculating chaotic signals by reconstructing nonlinear dynamics in dissipative systems with a delay are proposed. Conclusion. It is shown that a digital information transmission system with spectrum expansion and dynamic change of chaotic codes has high noise immunity, secrecy, electromagnetic compatibility and ensures reliable and confidential transmission of messages in a complex electromagnetic environment. Schemes for masking, protecting, processing, and transmitting information are implemented based on original chaotic algorithms. An experimental study of the noise radar layout in laboratory conditions demonstrated a sufficiently high accuracy of radar range measurements over the entire measurement range with dual spectral signal processing, as well as a high range resolution of 15 cm (with an effective bandwidth of 800- 900 MHz).
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):629-656
629-656
Applied problems of nonlinear oscillation and wave theory
Spatiotemporal coherent summation of Ultra-Wideband chaotic radio pulses. Experiment
摘要
The purpose of this work is to experimentally prove the physical feasibility of coherent addition of chaotic signals (ultra-wideband chaotic radio pulses) in space and time. The idea of coherent addition is used in various ways in modern physics, and to date there are no examples of explicit demonstration of coherent addition of UWB chaotic signals. There are two difficulties associated with the impossibility of summation: firstly, until now it was unclear how to make signals of the same shape (a necessary condition for coherent addition), and secondly, how to implement the actual summation technique. Methods. The work used methods of full-scale prototyping of the processes of emission of ultra-wideband chaotic signals, their reception and numerical processing after digitization by an oscilloscope. The results were obtained on the basis of a model that includes eight identical emitters and one receiver. Results. Measurements of the signal shape at various reception points with different numbers of emitters were made. For the first time, a pattern of change (increase) in the mean-square signal amplitude at the reception point with coherent and incoherent summation of ultra-wideband chaotic signals with an increase in the number of emitters was experimentally established. Conclusion. Experimental and explicit demonstration, although explicit demonstration of the phenomenon of coherent summation of ultra-wideband chaotic signals is the basis for further development of multi-antenna ultra-wideband radio communication and radar. The results of this work created a technical reserve for further development of coherent summation methods. This in itself is unusual and has great practical novelty, since it allows creating a new class of multi-antenna ultra-wideband transceiver systems on chaotic (noise-like) signals.
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):657-673
657-673
Code division of signals in a direct chaotic scheme of information transmission
摘要
An important direction in the scientific activity of Yu. V. Gulyaev is research and development in the field of nonlinear dynamics and dynamic chaos. As for nonlinear dynamics in general, all the main areas of Yuri Vasilyevich’s scientific activity relate to it to one degree or another, starting with classical works in the field of acoustoelectronics. Here, of course, it is necessary to mention research in the field of proper physical fields of biological objects, work in the field of medical electronics, as well as research and development in the field of dynamic chaos and its applications. One such development, which essentially laid the foundation for the development of direct-chaotic transceivers, in the formulation and implementation of which Yuri Vasilyevich played an important role, is described in the introduction to that article. This work was largely a prologue to the development of work on information transmission using dynamic chaos, carried out at IRE RAS since the 90s. The main part of the article proposes and examines a new version of a direct-chaotic information transmission scheme, in which code sequences of chaotic radio pulses are used as an information-carrying signal. Objectives. Development of a new method for introducing information into a chaotic signal, providing expanded capabilities for channel separation and multiple access. Methods. Computer simulation of the transmission process and theoretical estimates of the noise immunity of the scheme in a channel with white noise. Results. A method for modulation/demodulation of code sequences of chaotic radio pulses is proposed and investigated, which provides an increase in the base of the transmitted binary symbol and channel division based on correlation processing of the signal passed through the envelope detector. It is shown that the proposed modulation/demodulation scheme is also effective for organizing multiple access in a network of transceivers that are not synchronized with each other. Conclusion. The proposed scheme for inputting information into a direct chaotic signal of the transmitter and its extraction on the receiver side, judging by theoretical calculations and the results of computer simulation, significantly increases the capabilities of direct chaotic communication facilities and expands the areas of their application.
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):674-690
674-690
Memristor-based Chaotic Dynamical Model for Generating Electrocardiogram Signal
摘要
The purpose of this study is to create a phenomenological model of the human electrocardiogram based on the McSharry model and to achieve a plausible distribution of interpeak intervals between individual heartbeats. Methods. This paper presents an advanced approach to synthetic ECG generation using a modified McSharry model. We used chaotic dynamics instead of conventional pseudorandom number generators to better represent the variability in ECG dynamical parameters, such as interpeak intervals. A fourth-order circuit equation with a memristor is introduced as a chaos generator. By adjusting the parameters of this system, one can varythe range of peak parameters in the synthetic ECG. The proposed ECG generator can be implemented as a computer model or as an analog circuit, depending on the application requirements. Results. The experimental investigation of generated synthetic signals with time-domain waveforms, phase portraits, and RR tachograms’ analysis demonstrated a good correspondence between the synthetic and real ECGs. It is shown that the modified ECG generation approach provides a reasonably realistic and robust method for simulating synthetic ECG signals. Conclusion. The reported solution possesses many possible applications such as the calibration of medical cardiographs, medical education, and machine learning models for ECG analysis.
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):691-708
691-708
Innovations in applied physics
Changes of the structure and permeability of lipid membranes caused by nanoparticles and pulsed electromagnetic effects
摘要
The work is devoted to the development of effective and safe biocompatible means and methods of encapsulation, targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs in aqueous environments, including living systems. For encapsulation of medicinal compounds in colloidal carriers, originally created nanostructured biomimetic lipid membrane vesicles were used - nanocomposite liposomes, the membranes of which are functionalized with magnetite and gold nanoparticles. To solve the problem of safe controlled release of an encapsulated substance into aqueous media, an approach has been developed based on the use of powerful ultrashort electrical pulses with a duration of less than 10 ns, providing a non-thermal effect of selective controlled electroporation of nanocomposite lipid membranes containing conductive nanoparticles. A theoretical model of non-thermal interaction of nanostructured liposomal capsules with ultrashort electrical pulses has been developed, within the framework of which an expression has been obtained for the critical value of the electric field strength that determines the threshold for the occurrence of the electroporation effect in a conducting aqueous medium. The key role of electrically conductive nanoparticles in increasing the sensitivity of the structure and conductivity of nanocomposite liposomes to external ultrashort electric sunlight is shown. The theoretically described mechanism of change in the structure and conductivity of lipid membranes containing electrically conductive nanoparticles explains the selective controlled nature of ultrashort pulse action on nanocomposite liposomal containers. The effect of controlled selective change in permeability and decapsulation of nanocomposite liposomes was registered by fluorimetry methods in experiments with the anticancer antibiotic doxorubicin and the fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein, which were loaded into liposomal carriers as model molecular compounds. Encapsulated substances were released from nanocomposite liposomes after exposure to ultrashort electrical pulses with an efficiency of up to 98%, while no significant changes in the structural and functional state of natural and pure lipid membranes were recorded. The data on changes in membrane permeability correlated well with the results on structural changes in nanocomposite liposomes recorded by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):709-730
709-730
Study of the microstrip planar slow-wave structures for the millimeter-band vacuum microelectronics devices
摘要
The aim of this work is study of high-frequency characteristics of planar meander-line slow-wave structures on dielectric substrates for millimeter-band traveling-wave tubes with sheet electron beam. The main method is numerical simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation processes in the mentioned structures using modern three-dimensional fully-electromagnetic finite-element and finite-difference software simulation packages. Results. For the microstrip slow-wave structure in addition to the main slow-wave mode there are fast volume modes, which can prevent stable regimes of TWT-amplifier operation. The spatial parameters of the structure were optimized to suppress the volume modes in the operating frequency band. High values of the attenuation coefficient of the surface slow-wave modes are also the features of the system. The results of the simulation of the ohmic losses using different numerical methods are presented, their qualitative and quantitative comparison is carried out. Conclusion. The high-frequency characteristics of miniaturized planar microstrip meander-line slow wave structures on a dielectric substrate are studied in detail. The effect of spatial parameters of the structure on the cut-off frequencies of volume and surface modes is investigated. The main methods of ohmic loss simulation are presented. It is shown that simulation using perturbation theory and time-domain simulation gives underestimated values of ohmic losses.
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):731-747
731-747
Science for education. Methodical papers. History.
The origin and formation of fractal radiophysics and fractal radio electronics at the IRE RAS
摘要
Purpose. The article describes the main points of the origin, formation and development of the application of fractal theory, topology, fractional dimension theory and scaling in solving problems of radio electronics and radiophysics in the USSR and Russia in the IRE of the USSR Academy of Sciences and IRE RAS, since the 80s of the XX century. Methods.The relevance of the author’s research is related to the need for a more accurate description of the real processes occurring in modern intelligent radio systems. First of all, this takes into account the hereditarity (memory), non-Gaussianity, scaling (self-similarity, self-similarity) and topology of physical signals and fields. Results. All research is carried out in the fundamental scientific direction "Fractal Radiophysics and Fractal Radioelectronics: Design of Fractal Radio Systems initiated and developed by the author at the V.A. Kotelnikov IRE RAS from 1979 to the present. Conclusion. The author develops and reinforces his ideas that a new “fractal” dimension should be firmly introduced into radiosciences, and not as an auxiliary role, but as a fundamental explanatory factor. This allows us to move to a new level of the information structure of real nonMarkov signals and fields. The important role of RAS academician Yuri Vasilyevich Gulyaev in the development of this fundamental scientific field is shown. His participation is expressed, in particular, in his diverse assistance to the author in promoting his ideas in the USSR, Russia and the world.
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):748-776
748-776
Personalia
The role of Y. V. Gulyayev in the formation of the fryazino school of electronics
摘要
The article examines the key moments of the creation and development of the Fryazino branch of the IRE of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the V. A. Kotelnikov IRE of the Russian Academy of Sciences), the formation of its scientific topics and creative team.
Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics. 2025;33(5):777-780
777-780