Sap Productivity of the High-Mountain Maple Stands in the North Caucasus

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Abstract

The characteristics of maple syrup produced from Acer Trautvetteri Medw., growing on the northern macroslopes of the Caucasus, are presented in the article. The object of the study has been high-mountain maple stands at the lower limit of the vertical belt of their distribution. The geographical coordinates of the object are 42°56.352 N, 44° 29.677 E. The altitude above sea level is 1374–1398 m. The slope steepness is 30–35°, the slope is exposed to the north. The beginning of sap secretion is the 3rd ten-day period of April, the duration of sap production is 12–17 days. The tapping has been carried out using a closed method. It has been shown that maple stand sap productivity averages about 4 t/haper season. The main characteristics of maple sap and syrup have been determined by liquid chromatography in isocratic and gradient modes. The chemical composition of the syrup and the content of organic and inorganic components have been determined using a Maestro liquid chromatograph with spectrophotometric and refractometric detectors. The quantitative analysis of the elemental composition based on atomic absorption spectra has been carried out using a Contra AA 800 spectrometer with a flame and electrothermal atomizer. The sugar content in the sap has equaled 0.9–1.3 %. Maple sap syrup has been obtained by evaporation. The sugar content in the Trautvetter maple syrup has equaled 41 %, which is 12 % less than in the syrup produced in Canada. The proportion of glucose in the syrup is 1.7 %, the proportion of sucrose – 39.2 %. The content of Ca is 1286 mg/kg, the content of K – 9063 mg/kg. The elements such as Fe, Mn, Cu and Na in the syrup are present in small quantities – from 1 to 144 mg/kg. In terms of the content of identified chemical elements and organoleptic characteristics, syrup from the sap of the Trautvetter maple differs from syrup from the Canadian sugar maple. The data obtained contribute to solving the tasks of estimating the reserves of potential food resources of mountain forests in Russia. The results of the study can be used to update regulatory documents in the forestry sector and implemented into training programs for forestry specialists.

About the authors

Kh. M Khetagurov

North Ossetian State University named after Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov

Email: zaz81@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2684-897X
ResearcherId: AAI-6375-2021
Doctor of Biology, Prof. Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation, 362025

I. A Nikolaev

North Ossetian State University named after Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov

Email: bootany@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2379-7601
Candidate of Biology, Assoc. Prof. Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation, 362025

A. V Gryazkin

Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov

Email: lesovod@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7901-2180
ResearcherId: C-6699-2018
Doctor of Biology, Prof. Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194021

I. K Sattsaeva

North Ossetian State University named after Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov

Email: catcaeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5749-6735
Candidate of Engineering, Assoc. Prof. Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation, 362025

C. C Thanh

Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Environment, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences

Email: thanh.tt@rcfee.org.vn
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0728-3547
ResearcherId: ABB-4415-2021
Candidate of Agriculture, Researcher Hanoi, Vietnam

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