In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Three-Component Nanosystem for Photodynamic Therapy Containing Selenium Nanoparticles with Cellulose Graft Copolymer and Radachlorine

Aim. The purpose of this study presents a comparative evaluation of a modified Radachlorin formulation for photodynamic therapy using an innovative hybrid tri-component nanosystem (HTN) incorporating selenium nanoparticles and a cellulosic graft copolymer. Materials and Methods. Patient-derived solid tumor cell lines included bladder cancer (587 BlCan TVV), lung cancer (1014 LC PNS), and skin melanoma (929 mel SVU). BAL- B/cmice (48 female, 28 male) were inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma and ACATOL colon adenocarcinoma. Real-time cell analysis was performed using the xCELLigence system. Photosensitizers (HTN and Radachlorin) were administered at concentrations equivalent to 5 and 20 μg/mL Radachlorin. Cellular responses were quantified using the cell index parameter. In vivo, photosensitizers were administered intravenously (5 mg/ kgRadachlorin equivalent) when tumors reached 10±1 mm. Photoactivation employed 662 nmlaser irradiation at 5 J/cm² (24h post-incubation for cells) and 300 J/cm² (6h post-injection for tumors). Results. Both photosensitizers demonstrated no dark toxicity in tumor cell cultures. Laser activation induced significant cell death (sharp cell index decrease). Concentration-dependent proliferation inhibition was observed in bladder cancer and melanoma cultures, while lung cancer cells exhibited regrowth capacity. Cellular responses to photodynamic treatment were consistent between Radachlorin and HTN, with lung cancer cells showing relative resistance to both agents. In vivo studies revealed comparable efficacy between HTN and Radachlorin across tumor models, with ACATOL adenocarcinoma demonstrating lower sensitivity. Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice showed statistically significant survival improvement. Complete responses were observed in one female mouse with Ehrlich carcinoma and one with ACATOL adenocarcinoma using the selenium-containing nanosystem as a photosensitizer, though without statistical significance versus Radachlorin. Conclusion. The investigated hybrid selenium-polymer nanosystem shows significant promise for fluorescence-guided diagnosis and photodynamic therapy applications in oncology.

tri-component nanosystems, selenium nanoparticles, Radachlorin, photodynamic therapy, cell culture, tumor, mouse