Ways to Strengthen Glass: Modification of the Surface Layer

Abstract

The strength of glass can be increased by modifying the surface layer. The following are examined: graded glass in which the glass strength in increased by means of the CLTE differential over the glass thickness; ion bombardment at room temperature where large atoms are embedded (implanted) in the glass in a strong electromagnetic field; protective coatings (temporary and permanent); and, chemical strengthening. These methods make it possible to increase glass strength by increasing the surface strength of the glass without changing the bulk strength.