Efficiency of use of machine and tractor units operating with elastic damping drives of driving wheels

Nowadays an urgent direction in agriculture is the issue of increasing the volume of production. In order to do this, it is necessary to have powerful energy facilities operating at high speed modes. But at the same time, the increased vibrations appear in the tractor transmission, which are transmitted from the soil. These fluctuations negatively affect the units and assemblies of the mobile power plant, lead to an increase in the consumption of fuel and lubricants, a deterioration in the ride smoothness, and also have a negative effect on the health of the vehicle operator. For this reason, it is necessary to improve the design of modern mobile power tools.

Analysis of works on this topic has shown that the most effective way to protect against dynamic loads from external influences is the setting of elastic elements in the final link of the transmission. The paper analyzes various designs of elastic damping drives (EDD). The design of the EDD of driving wheels was proposed (utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 203460). The proposed blade EDD is rigidly fixed on the wheel disk and has two cavities. The forward stroke cavity is connected to two gas-hydraulic accumulators, one of which has an adjustable throttle, and the second cavity of the return stroke is connected to one gas-hydraulic accumulator. Both cavities of the damper are filled with a magneto-rheological fluid, which viscosity changes by electromagnetic coils, depending on changes in the oscillations of the moment on the semi-axes. The drives were installed on the MTZ-80.1 tractor. The studies were carried out as part of transport and arable units. When working with a transport unit on a dirt road due to the EDD the slipping of the propellers is reduced and the speed of movement is increased by 6–9 %. When the tractor is plowing, the skidding of the propellers is reduced by 10–16 %, and the speed of movement is increased by 7–12 %. This increases the productivity of the tractor unit by 6–12 %.