Optimization of diagnostics of urogenital tract infections caused by obligate pathogens in women
- Authors: Lipova E.V.1, Vitvitskaya Y.G.1, Glazko I.I.1, Karasev E.A.1, Volgin V.N.1
-
Affiliations:
- State Research Center – A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
- Issue: Vol 36, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 25-29
- Section: For Diagnosis
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/0236-3054/article/view/287216
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2025-01-05
- ID: 287216
Cite item
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections remain an important medical and social problem. Untimely detection and, accordingly, late initiation of treatment lead to chronicity of the infectious-inflammatory process and the development of complications such as infertility.
Purpose. Assess the validity of diagnosing an infectious-inflammatory process based on the results of a microscopic examination - leukocyte reaction.
Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 102 women was carried out, the results of microscopic examination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR were analyzed.
Results. The clinical picture in patients with obligate pathogens and patients with an inflammatory process caused by opportunistic microorganisms did not differ significantly: slightly and moderately severe clinical symptoms predominated. The infectious-inflammatory process caused by obligate pathogens was accompanied by an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes only in 22.73% of cases; in other cases, the pathological process proceeded without a leukocyte reaction.
Conclusion. When diagnosing an infectious-inflammatory process, it is necessary to use not only routine methods, but also screening studies aimed at excluding obligate pathogens.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
E. V. Lipova
State Research Center – A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
Author for correspondence.
Email: kursld@mail.ru
Professor, MD
Russian Federation, MoscowYu. G. Vitvitskaya
State Research Center – A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
Email: kursld@mail.ru
Candidate of Medical Sciences
Russian Federation, MoscowI. I. Glazko
State Research Center – A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
Email: kursld@mail.ru
Candidate of Medical Sciences; Associate Professor
Russian Federation, MoscowE. A. Karasev
State Research Center – A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
Email: kursld@mail.ru
Candidate of Medical Sciences
Russian Federation, MoscowV. N. Volgin
State Research Center – A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
Email: kursld@mail.ru
MD
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
- WHO Global health sector strategy on Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2016–2021.
- Иванова М.А., Романова О.В. Заболеваемость инфекциями, передаваемыми половым путем, в Российской Федерации за период с 2006 по 2015 гг. Современные проблемы здравоохранения и медицинской статистики. 2016; 1: 8–12 [Ivanova M.A., Romanova O.V. Incidence of infections, sexually transmitted, in the Russian Federation from 2006 for 2015. Current problems of health care and medical statistics. 2016; 1: 8–12 (in Russ.)].
- Weinstock H., Berman S., Cates W. Jr. Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004; 36 (1): 6–10. doi: 10.1363/psrh.36.6.04
- Stamm W.E. Chlamydia screening: expanding the scope. Ann Intern Med. 2004; 141 (7): 570–2. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00016
- Mardh P.A. Tubal factor infertility, with special regard to chlamydial salpingitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004; 17 (1): 49–52. doi: 10.1097/00001432-200402000-00010
- Rahman M.U., Cheema M.A., Schumacher H.R. et al. Molecular evidence for the presence of Chlamydia in the synovium of patients with Reiter's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1992; 35 (5): 521–9. doi: 10.1002/art.1780350506
- Rahman M.U., Hudson A.P., Schumacher H.R. Jr. Chlamydia and Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis). Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 1992; 18: 67–79.
- Sherrard J., Wilson J., Donders G. et al. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organization (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. Int J STD AIDS. 2018; 29 (13): 1258–72. doi: 10.1177/0956462418785451
- CDC 2021. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/default.htm
- Hillier S.L., Krohn M.A., Klebanoff S.J. et al. The relationship of hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli to bacterial vaginosis and genital microflora in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol. 1992; 79 (3): 369–73. doi: 10.1097/00006250-199203000-00008
- Sewankambo N., Gray R.H., Wawer M.J. et al. HIV-1 infection associated with abnormal vaginal flora morphology and bacterial vaginosis. Lancet. 1997; 350 (9077): 546–50. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)01063-5
- Sobel J.D. Is there a protective role for vaginal flora? Curr Infect Dis Rep. 1999; 1 (4): 379–83. doi: 10.1007/s11908-999-0045-z
- Wiesenfeld H.C., Hillier S.L., Krohn M.A. et al. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36 (5): 663–8. doi: 10.1086/367658
- Brotman R.M., Klebanoff M.A., Nansel T.R. Bacterial vaginosis assessed by gram stain and diminished colonization resistance to incident gonococcal, chlamydial, and trichomonal genital infection. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202 (12): 1907–15. doi: 10.1086/657320
- van Houdt R., Ma B., Bruisten S.M., et al. Lactobacillus iners-dominated vaginal microbiota is associated with increased susceptibility to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Dutch women: a case-control study. Sex Transm Infect. 2018; 94 (2): 117–23. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2017-053133
- Hayes R., Watson-Jones D., Celum C. et al. Treatment of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention: end of the road or new beginning? AIDS. 2010; 24 (Suppl 4): S15–26. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000390704.35642.47
- Gosmann C., Anahtar M.N., Handley S.A. Lactobacillus-deficient cervicovaginal bacterial communities are associated with increased HIV acquisition in young South African women. Immunity. 2017; 46 (1): 29–37. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.013
- Cohen C.R., Lingappa J.R., Baeten J.M. et al. Bacterial vaginosis associated with increased risk of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort analysis among African couples. PLoS Med. 2012; 9 (6): e1001251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001251
Supplementary files
