Equations and algorithms for determining the inertial attitude and apparent velocity of a moving object in quaternion and biquaternion 4D orthogonal operators

Abstract

We consider equations and algorithms describing the operation of strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS) intended for determining the inertial attitude parameters (the Rodrigues–Hamilton (Euler) parameters) and the apparent velocity of a moving object. The construction of these equations and algorithms is based on the Kotelnikov–Study transference principle, Hamiltonian quaternions and Clifford biquaternions, and differential equations in four-dimensional (quaternion and biquaternion) orthogonal operators.