Climate systems of urban electric buses

This article considers the climate systems of urban electric buses from different manufacturers, as well as presents and compares their characteristics and diagrams. Climate systems with two vapor compression refrigeration machines, a dependent evaporator of the driver’s cabin, and a chiller-fan coil circuit are analyzed, the existing domestic microclimate system for an electric bus is considered, and the advantages and disadvantages of these systems are presented. The influence of the features of electric buses, such as the limited battery capacity and absence of an internal combustion engine as a heat source, on the concept and design features of their microclimate systems is shown. The features of climate systems for electric buses intended for operation in the territory of the Russian Federation are considered, including the following technical requirements of organizations operating city electric buses: dual-zone climate control, i.e., separately for the passenger salon and driver’s cabin, and the possibility of using an auxiliary heater operating by burning diesel fuel only at ambient temperatures below 0 ℃ and at relatively low ambient temperatures during the cold season. The review conducted in this article aims to identify ways to further improve the climate systems of urban electric buses and demonstrate the various criteria when comparing them and assessing their efficiency.