Amperometric Multi-Enzyme Biosensors: Development and Application, a Short Review

Abstract

Abstract—In the last decade, significant progress has been made in the development of enzyme biosensors, which are used in pharmacology, clinical practice, agriculture, food quality control, monitoring of infectious disease pathogens, and the spread of environmental pollution factors. The functioning of the amperometric multi-enzyme biosensors is based on natural recognition mechanisms. For the best efficiency, the design of the biosensor should enable the analyzed substances to freely interact with enzymes involved in catalytic reactions; this requires knowledge of both the properties of the medium under study and the properties of the analyzed substances. To detect, recognize, and evaluate the concentration of substances in the medium it is also necessary to take factors that can suppress or distort the signal into account, which may be due to the interaction of biosensor components with each other and with molecules of the studied medium. These factors can change not only during storage or after repeated use of a biosensor, but also during a single measurement. Significant progress has been achieved in improving the design of biosensors in the process of development of measuring equipment. This review considers the development of the most interesting and promising trends in the development of amperometric multi-enzyme biosensors that have emerged in recent years.