Deep Penetrating Cooling in the Black Sea as a Reaction to Cold Air Intrusions in Winter
- Autores: Efimov V.V.1, Yarovaya D.A.1, Komarovskaya O.I.1
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Afiliações:
- Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the RAS
- Edição: Volume 60, Nº 5 (2024)
- Páginas: 667-678
- Seção: Articles
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/0002-3515/article/view/282066
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002351524050081
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HXUCPE
- ID: 282066
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Resumo
We study the reaction of the Black Sea upper layer, and in particular the cold intermediate layer (CIL), to intense wind forcing during cold air intrusions (CAIs) in winter. Using atmospheric reanalysis ERA5 and marine reanalysis Copernicus, we obtained joint distributions of surface wind speed and water temperature differences at various depths for the period of 2000–2020. It is shown that reaction time of the sea upper layer to such extreme weather event as CAI is about 2 days. Also, it is shown that CAI influence extends to great depths, up to 60–70 m. Using coupled mesoscale sea-atmosphere model, we investigated the cooling mechanisms of the sea upper layer during the CAI case in January, 23–25, 2010. Two sensitivity experiments with suppressed air-sea interaction were performed. In the first experiment, sensible and latent heat fluxes from the sea surface were switched off. In the second experiment, wind shear stress at the sea surface was switched off. It is shown that the main reason for temperature decrease in the upper mixed layer was sea surface cooling due to sensible and latent heat fluxes. And the mechanism of deep cooling, that penetrates to the pycnocline, was vertical turbulent mixing caused by wind waves breaking and shear instability. In the first experiment, temperature decrease was insignificant; it was caused mainly by the entrainment of cold water from the CIL through the lower boundary of the mixed layer. In the second experiment, temperature decrease was as significant as in the control run. It is shown that after switching off wind shear stress in the second experiment turbulent mixing in the upper quasi-homogeneous layer of the sea changed fundamentally. In order to compensate the decrease of turbulence intensity and provide the same vertical heat flux as in the control run, the spatial vertical scale of turbulent eddies increased.
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Sobre autores
V. Efimov
Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the RAS
Email: darik777@mhi-ras.ru
Rússia, 2, Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol, 299011
D. Yarovaya
Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the RAS
Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: darik777@mhi-ras.ru
Rússia, 2, Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol, 299011
O. Komarovskaya
Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the RAS
Email: darik777@mhi-ras.ru
Rússia, 2, Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol, 299011
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