The influence of complications of pregnancy, childbirth and comorbid pathology on the level of physical development of children of indigenous peoples of the North of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Yugra

BACKGROUND: The state policy in the field of public health protection is aimed at increasing the birth rate, reducing mortality, and preventing diseases. The topic of the health of the indigenous peoples of the North (IPN) has been and remains relevant today for Russia.

AIM: To assess the physical development of children of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, depending on the mother’s comorbid pathology, complications of pregnancy and childbirth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study examined the physical development of children of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, the comorbid pathology of their mothers, the course of their pregnancy and childbirth. Factorial and regression analysis methods were used to identify relationships and interdependencies.

RESULTS: In the studied group of children of the IPN, low physical development is observed in 4.49% of children, average in 49.43%, high in 48.31% of children. Girls have a significantly lower physical development (2.12%) compared to boys — 7.14%. In the studied group of children of the IPN, there is not a single case of sharply disharmonious physical development. In pregnant women, representatives of the IPN, anemia, chronic urogenital infections, liver and biliary tract diseases, obesity and diseases of the cardiovascular system are most often observed in the structure of comorbid pathology. Among the pregnancy complications of the mothers of the examined children, fetoplacental insufficiency, gestosis, high/low water intake, the threat of termination of pregnancy, threatening premature birth are observed. Among the complications of childbirth, there are umbilical cord entanglement, labor reinforcement, neonatal jaundice and perinatal lesions of the central nervous system. At the stage of regression analysis, predictors were identified that affect the physical development of the child — these are intrauterine growth retardation and fetal hypotrophy, threatening premature birth in a woman in labor, and the gestational age of the newborn.

CONCLUSIONS: A high level of physical development is determined in 48.31% of children of the IPN, average in 49.43%, low in only 2.26%, which indicates the adaptation of the indigenous population to the harsh conditions of the North. The structure of comorbid pathology in women living in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Yugra mainly corresponds to the average indicators in the Russian Federation, both in qualitative and quantitative terms. The exception is a regional pathology with liver and biliary tract damage associated with the epidemiological situation in the opisthorchiasis district. Regression analysis revealed the interdependence of the child’s physical development from intrauterine growth retardation, threatening premature birth, intrauterine hypotrophy and gestational age.