纹理分析与放射组学在多发性硬化诊断中的应用:综述

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脑部多灶性病变,包括多发性硬化,的临床表现具有多样性,并在很大程度上取决于病灶的部位和大小。在某些情况下,此类病变的鉴别诊断仍然是一项复杂的任务。血管性、炎症性、感染性及遗传性疾病在磁共振成像上可能呈现相似的影像学表现,而其评估既受到技术条件的限制,也受限于人类视觉感知能力。近年来,影像学研究中引入了纹理分析和放射组学等新方法,使得能够从医学图像中揭示超出放射科医师视觉评估能力的信息。这些方法包括信号强度的一阶统计分析、灰度共生矩阵和灰度游程矩阵分析、分形分析与小波分析,以及结合机器学习算法构建预测模型。放射组学最初用于肿瘤影像学研究,但目前其应用已扩展至其他疾病的诊断领域。

本文综述了近年来有关纹理分析和放射组学在脱髓鞘性疾病,尤其是多发性硬化鉴别诊断中的研究进展。文献检索在PubMed和eLibrary数据库中进行,检索关键词包括:radiomics (放射组学)、digital image texture analysis(数字影像纹理分析)、multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化)、радиомика(放射组学)、текстурный анализ(纹理分析)、рассеянный склероз(多发性硬化)。检索时间跨度为9年。本综述仅纳入原创性研究(n = 17),这些研究均涉及放射组学和数字图像纹理分析在脱髓鞘性疾病诊断中的应用。

纹理分析和放射组学是评估脱髓鞘性疾病中脑部多灶性病变的有前景的辅助方法。然而,在其应用于临床实践之前,仍需建立最优的纹理特征计算算法,确定最具信息价值的参数,并对获得的影像生物标志物进行标准化和验证。

作者简介

Gleb I. Khvastochenko

Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: hvastochenko.g.i@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4628-3069
SPIN 代码: 8988-6959
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Vasiliy V. Bryukhov

Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences

Email: abdomen@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1645-6526
SPIN 代码: 6299-3604

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Marina V. Krotenkova

Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences

Email: krotenkova_mrt@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3820-4554
SPIN 代码: 9663-8828

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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