Socio-hygienic and medical factors of parents for predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children. A retrospective study

Background. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic interstitial lung disease and has a multifactorial nature of formation and development. The important clinical significance of the disease for the health of young children remains.

Aim. To identify risk factors for the development of BPD in children based on the data of medical and social indicators of parents and to develop objective criteria for predicting the course of the disease.

Materials and methods. The analysis of retrospective medical and social history data of 126 pairs of children and their parents was carried out by filling out a questionnaire of 222 parameters combined into sections. The main group consisted of children diagnosed with BPD (n=52) and the comparison group consisted of children without bronchopulmonary pathology (n=74). Using multiple regression equations, representative risk factors, their weighting coefficients of significance, and boundary coefficients for the predicted development of BPD were determined.

Results. Significant risk factors for the development of BPD have been identified: single-parent families, poor housing conditions, small living space, and lower average income per person. On the part of the mother's medical history and her health, the risk factors were: living in the area in the III–IV generation; burdened obstetric and gynecological history (presence of abortions, ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy parity of 4 or more, recurrent candidiasis, ovarian tumors); extragenital pathology (hypertension, chronic cystitis); occupational hazards before (transport loads, night work) and during pregnancy (physical exertion, stress during work); drinking wine, long walks during pregnancy. Risk factors from the father's health are diseases of the heart and blood vessels, respiratory organs.

Conclusion. The study showed a wide range of risk factors from the medical and social sphere of parents' lives in children with BPD. Multifactorial data analysis revealed significant correlations between the studied phenomena. A model and program for predicting the risk of BPD during the antenatal period of ontogenesis have been developed.