Vol 7, No 2 (2024)

the article is devoted to the history of one of the most famous domestic periodicals, the newspaper «Russian Vedomosti», during the Russian Revolution. Used the documents of the Central State Archive of the Moscow Region, in this paper show the position of the publication and its interaction with the revolution institutions of authorities.

the author explores the esoteric content of periodicals (newspapers) of 22 districts of the Tyumen region. The relevance of the research is due to the growing interest in the field of esotericism in modern Russia. For a better understanding of this phenomenon, the author refers to a historical precedent, namely the turning point in the history of Russia (1989-1999). The research uses methods of content analysis, which made it possible to identify an array of esoteric information that is heterogeneous in content. Structurally, esoteric information is divided into a number of conditional thematic groups united by special specifics. The article focuses on the analysis of the forms and methods of translation of the identified material. It has been statistically established that in the publication of articles on esoteric subjects, a certain dynamics is traced, the frequency of published articles increases and decreases, and an interpretation of this phenomenon is given. The conclusion is made about the nature and extent of the influence of esoteric content on the mass consciousness of the population of the districts of the Tyumen region. Based on the research, the author concludes that since the mid-1990s, there has been a decrease in the number of articles on esoteric topics in newspaper publications. By the end of the 1990s, virtually everywhere in the district newspapers of the Tyumen Region, esoteric content was being replaced by a discourse focused on traditionally spiritual values.

the history of Tatars migrating to China goes back over a hundred years. After the Tatars migrated to China, they brought with them various cultures, which influenced the traditional national culture of China and enriched Chinese culture. Among them, Tatar musical culture became even more widespread. Tatar musical culture is an important part of the Tatar national culture; it is the basis for the spread and development of Tatar song and dance. Tatar songs and dances are indispensable at any holiday in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Because of the uniqueness of Tatar music, other ethnic groups in Xinjiang are very fond of Tatar musical culture and study and absorb Tatar music and dance. Tatar musical culture and advanced music education have allowed local music culture and education in Xinjiang to develop rapidly, making it a famous "home of singing and dancing" in China. However, the influence is mutual: although Tatar musical culture influences other ethnic groups, it is also influenced by foreign influences. Due to many reasons, the environment of Tatar music in China is changing and shrinking, which puts the inheritance and development of Tatar music at a disadvantage. The article uses a description of the current situation of Tatar folk songs, as well as analysis and research of the geographical (i.e. natural ecological environment) and linguistic environment. And try to analyze the reasons for the decline of Tatar musical culture, and hope to provide assistance for the inheritance, protection and development of Tatar music.

the article examines the activity of the anti-Dudaev pro-Russian government that existed in the Chechen Republic in 1994-1995. It was formed at the end of November 1994 in the midst of an armed confrontation between the regime of D.M. Dudaev and the opposition. The purpose of the study is to analyze the activities of this government. The tasks are to trace the process of its formation, structure and composition; to identify the goals and objectives that this government declared; its social base; to consider the relationship of the Government of National Revival with the Russian Federation; the role of the government in the events of the First Chechen War that began in December 1994; to understand why it failed to consolidate Chechen society and left the political scenes. Various political forces were part of the Government of National Government of National Revival: the old Soviet party, state and economic nomenclature; moderate representatives of the Chechen ethnopolitical movement; active figures of the anti-Dudaev opposition; part of the former ministers of the Dudaev administration. The moderate politician S.N. Khadzhiev, who headed it, tried to stabilize the socio-political situation in the republic, but did not succeed in this. The Government of National Revival had no real authority. It was under close control from the federal center. The Government lacked combat-ready armed formations and financial resources. It failed to establish restoration work in Chechnya and improve the living standards of citizens, to protect them from arbitrariness. As a result, a significant part of Chechens viewed Khadzhiev's government as a puppet and collaborationist formation. Disagreements within the anti-Dudaev opposition itself led to the resignation of S. Khadzhiev in October 1995. With the support of the Kremlin, D. Zavgaev returned to power in the republic.

the author analyzes various aspects of assimilation, such as historical context, socio-economic relations, everyday aspects, cultural factors, results and consequences. A variety of sources were used: statistical data, memoirs, journalistic works, folklore materials, etc. It was concluded that assimilation between Russians and foreigners of the Yugra region was a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that had different results and consequences for both sides. Assimilation was not unilateral or forced, but rather voluntary and gradual. It did not lead to the complete erasure of the ethnic and cultural identity of Russians and foreigners, but contributed to the enrichment and diversification of their cultures. Assimilation stimulated the formation of new social groups and communities with their own characteristics of life, language, religion, etc., contributed to the economic, social and cultural development of the Yugra region, contributed to the formation of the regional identity of the Yugra region as a special ethnocultural space where people coexisted and interacted different peoples and cultures.

the article presents an analysis of the socio-political views of the outstanding Russian poet and diplomat Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, whose work and political activity had a significant impact on the development of cultural and political life in Russia in the XIX century. Tyutchev, known for his poetry and diplomatic work, also actively participated in public life, expressing his views on key issues of domestic and foreign policy. A feature of Tyutchev's political position is its proximity to European conservatism, reflecting the influence of such thinkers as Alexis de Tocqueville, Louis Gabriel Ambroise Bonald and Joseph de Maistre. However, Tyutchev is not a simple follower of these ideas. His creative and intellectual path testifies to a deep and independent understanding and processing of European political thought. This is especially noticeable in his analysis of the historical role of Russia and its place in world politics.

the article examines the semantic meaning of the ring in the Viking Age in Scandinavia. The aim is to analyze the specific Scandinavian perception of rings and related cultural, everyday and religious practices based on a comparison of source texts and data from modern historical science. Methods – historical-comparative, historical-typological and historical-systemic research methods are used in the analysis of literature. The methodology of the research itself differs depending on the affiliation of the authors to different scientific historical schools. Results – based on a comparison of these sources and literature, the fundamental cultural and religious ideas of the Viking age Scandinavians about the ring as an object and a sacred figure are highlighted and summarized, the main forms of perception of rings are noted. Conclusions – the symbolism of rings in early medieval Scandinavian culture and religion has an expressed value and is associated with the concepts of loyalty, contract, generosity of the king. This image is partly preserved in subsequent epochs. In the religious tradition, the ring acts as a posthumous gift, an attribute of the servants of the cult, and its very form has signs of sacredness. Further development of the topic is possible by comparing historiography with new archaeological data.

the article examines the problems concerning the principle of appointing voivodes in the Kazan region in the second half of the XVI century. In the early 50s, the territory of the former Kazan Khanate became part of the Russian Kingdom, and the process of forming a voivodeship management system began. In the mid-60s, prominent representatives of the princely families of Russia were sent to the Kazan region. By analyzing historical sources containing biographical information of the voivodes of the Kazan region in the second half of the XVI century, it is possible to identify some patterns concerning their appointments. Among other things, it is possible to find out which princely families were exiled to the territory of the former Kazan Khanate. The results of the study are as follows: The voivodeship management system began its formation from the first days after the conquest of Kazan. The first leaders of the city were those who led the assault on the capital of the Kazan Khanate. The tendency to appoint the participants of the capture as voivodes in Kazan continued in subsequent years. The Kazan exile of the 60s had a strong influence on the princely families of the Moscow Kingdom and on the process of integration of the polyethnic into the state.

Sino-American rivalry moved to a new level during the presidency of Donald Trump (2017-2021). The increase of tensions occurred not only in the trade policy or military sphere, but also in the technological sphere. In addition, the US policy in the field of technology was given an ideological content, directed primarily against the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Studying this aspect of US foreign policy allows us not only to determine the tools for its implementation, but also the impact of Trump's contribution to US policy in the technological sphere of the current administration. The purpose of the study is to identify the tools and features of the of American policy towards China in the field of high-tech. The sources utilized in the study include doctrinal documents adopted in the period from 2017 to 2021 and other official documents, including legislation characterizing and interpreting the powers of the president in the foreign policy sphere. The list also includes materials of American think tanks that advised the Trump administration.

the relevance of the scientific article lies in the need for a modern and comprehensive analysis of the process of socio-economic development of pre–revolutionary Russia in the XIX – early XX century, in which the agrarian and peasant issue was of priority and decisive importance. The characteristic of the specifics of its solution in the Orenburg province enriches the national historical science, contributes to a deeper and more systematic understanding of the processes and phenomena taking place throughout the Russian Empire. The study attempts to analyze the solution of the agrarian and peasant question in Orenburg region. The situation in the village was studied, the issues of the work of the Orenburg provincial Noble Committee on Peasant Affairs, as well as the peasant movement in the region under study, were highlighted. An assessment is given of the sentiments and positions of the landowners of the Orenburg province on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in pre-revolutionary Russia. The results of the regional historical scientific research can be used for further research on the problems and updating of lecture material on the discipline «History of Russia», «History of the Urals», «History of Russia of the XIX century», as well as special courses for students of historical faculties related to the internal policy of the Russian Empire and agrarian history in the higher education system.

the article examines the activities of library workers to rescue and preserve library book collections during the siege of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1943. The features of the work of librarians during the blockade in order to preserve library collections are considered, the forms of work to prevent the loss of library collections are described, and the contribution of library workers to the replenishment of library collections is revealed. A special place is given to the tasks facing the librarians of besieged Leningrad and ways to solve them. The contribution of the State Public Library named after. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (now the Russian National Library), Library of the Academy of Sciences, Central City Library named after. V.V. Mayakovsky and a number of regional public libraries. The desire of library workers and readers in wartime conditions is shown not only to minimize the loss of library collections, but to save and preserve private book collections and collections of unique documents. The important role of libraries for residents of the besieged city is also reflected. During the research process, the method of review analysis, the method of comparative historical analysis, and the chronological method were used.

the article analyses the case of 1911-1913 when Subbotin, a member of Kaluga district court for Peremyshl district and Traubenberg, a town judge of Peremyshl district, were brought to criminal responsibility for abuse of power. The alleged violations of the law revealed during the prosecutor's audit and the prosecutor's further prosecution of the judges because they went beyond the limits of their authority by considering complaints in both administrative and judicial presences are discussed. In addition, the article identifies the extent of the prosecutor's involvement in the case, analyzes his position, as well as the regulatory framework to which he refers. The activities of the county convention, which consisted of members of the administrative and judicial presence, are characterized. In addition, the article presents the explanations of all the participants in the Peremyshl County Congress and analyzes their validity both in terms of law and morality. In addition, the author of the article analyzes the decisions of the courts in this case, an attempt is made to explain the motives of the decisions.

the world of woman is multifaceted, many works of classics are devoted to it, it is reflected in paintings, poems and songs. Woman has always been associated with comfort and family. One of the main historical sources that help in the study of a particular issue are journal publications. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main storylines reflecting the image of woman and the system of social values in the magazine "Soviet Woman" for the period from 1954 to 1964. Using the method of content analysis, 120 issues of the magazine were processed. Thanks to what it was possible to construct the image of the Soviet woman of that period, which from the 50s of the XX century began to change from the image of a "woman-military" and "woman-worker" to the image of a business and respectable woman. The magazine "Soviet Woman" paid much attention to the formation of a woman in the USSR not only as a citizen, but also as an independent person. It covered legislative issues concerning Soviet women and children, touched upon economic issues, in particular, the types of benefits and amounts of allowances for working women and single mothers. A large place in the magazine was occupied by reports on various worldly exploits of Soviet women: doctors, teachers, workers of industrial plants and scientific institutes. The magazine also paid attention to moral and ethical issues of Soviet women and family life. The magazine paid much attention to the spiritual world of Soviet women. A separate block were materials devoted to the issues of fashion and beauty. For the readers illustrations and patterns of modern collections of clothes were offered, there was a technological description of sewing knitwear, advice on facial skin care and restoring the attractiveness of the female figure. The paper concludes that a Soviet woman should harmoniously combine family and professional roles while receiving higher education. The importance of a woman's self-realization in the family and household is also raised. The community forming around the magazine consisted of an all-female audience. Both girls, women, and adult ladies found useful information for themselves. In general, the magazine Soviet Woman was the official representative publication in the USSR, which shaped the lifestyle of the Soviet woman in the spirit of moderate feminism. The editors advocated equal rights and social protection of women, and promoted the spiritual mission of women in Soviet society.

the article examines the state-church relations in the Omsk region in 1964-1974, parish life and the characteristics of the personalities of diocesan bishops in this period. The source base was the reports of the authorized Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Omsk region. Reports are located in the funds of the State Archives of the Russian Federation - fund R-6991, inventory 7 “Personal affairs of the highest clergy. 1944-1974”, the State Regional Historical Archive of the Omsk Region – fund R-2603 of the Omsk Regional Committee of the CPSU, primary documents of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Diocesan Administration. In the Omsk and Tyumen dioceses under Bishop Nikolai (Kutepov) (1963–1969), there was a significant rejuvenation of the diocese clergy and an increase in education (including higher professional theological education). The number of parishioners, the number of baptisms, burial services and the income of the Russian Orthodox Church has increased 1.5-2 times. A significant factor in the stability of state-church relations was the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church in the international arenaю Bishop Nikolai (Kutepov), as part of a delegation, visited the countries of West Africa in 1968. The bishop was obliged to inform the authorized Council for Religious Affairs in the Omsk region about the meetings of church councils and the resolution of financial issues, coordinate personnel issues (ordination and invitation of priests from other dioceses), the administration of Orthodox rituals (baptism and communion) in relation to minors. Next Bishop of the Omsk and Tyumen diocese was Andrei (Sukhenko) (1969-1971). There were no significant changes in state-church relations at this period. The article raises the question of the reasons for the conviction of Bishop Andrey (Sukhenko) based on data from his personal file. The first condemnation of Bishop Andrey was in 1937 under Article 58 of the Criminal Code ("counter-revolutionary activity"). He served his sentence in 1937-1946. in the North Ural labor camp of the NKVD. The second imprisonment was in 1961-1964. under Articles 83, part 3 ("waste"), 121 ("sodomy") and 122, parts 1, 2 ("pedophilia") of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR. Because the bishop arrived after a second imprisonment, he was in poor health and after a little over two years was sent to retirement in the Pskov-Pechersk monastery, where he soon died. Under Bishop Methodius (Menzac) (1972-1974), the income of the Russian Orthodox Church has almost halved, as well as a decline in orthodox rituals (for example, baptisms and burial services). The life of Bishop Methodius ended tragically – he was killed in 1974 – for the first time, information from his personal file is introduced into scientific circulation, allowing one to assume the reasons for the murder. The bishop's siblings were members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. His brother and sister were shot on charges of anti-Soviet activity during the Great Patriotic War, one of the brothers was serving a sentence in the Kazakh SSR neighboring Omsk Region. The testimony of his convicted brother's common-law wife with accusations of indecent the behavior of the bishop. One of the determining factors of church life in the region, as in the entire Soviet Union, was the confessional policy of the state, implemented through the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The portrait of a post-war church-going believer in the Omsk and Tyumen dioceses is as follows – he is a Russian man over 50 years old, of peasant origin, with an incomplete secondary, more often primary education, not working in Soviet production and the economy. A believer in the 1970s is a woman over 60, a poorly educated housewife or a pensioner. In the early 1970s there is a decline in both Orthodox ritualism and income.

the relevance of the research topic is caused by the need for a comprehensive study of the regional system of church social assistance. The article aims to explore the history of social activity and charity of the Russian Orthodox Church in the second half of the XIX century. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified: to consider the history of the Kursk diocesan orphanage; to analyze the participation of clergy and laity in the acquisition of land and repair of buildings and structures; to characterize the sources of funds for the statutory activities of the orphanage. The chronological framework of the study covers the period from 1861 to 1873. The lower limit is determined by the date of the idea of establishing an orphanage in the diocese and the first donation. The upper one is the result of seven years of activity after the official opening of the Kursk diocesan orphanage for orphans and widows of the clergy. The source base of the research is represented by the materials of the State Archive of the Kursk region and extensive materials of the official church periodical – Kursk Diocesan Gazette. The research can contribute to the restoration by the Orthodox Church of the full historical completeness of its social ministry. The materials of the article can also be used in the creation of textbooks and teaching aids, special courses on the history and charity of the church, national regional social work, state-confessional relations.