Vol 31, No 4 (2025)

The modern educational system reflects current social processes. Teachers’ design activities are traditionally viewed as planning the educational process and selecting the content of academic disciplines. However, in the context of social transformations and the intensive digitalization of education, this has changed the outcome, the quality of which is determined by independent learning activities. Based on an analysis of scientific literature, this article demonstrates that the acquisition of universal skills can occur in a comfortable educational environment. Comparing perspectives on the concept of «instructional design» allowed the authors to consider it within the framework of didactics as a form of organizing a comfortable educational environment for the development of individuality using modern technologies. It is argued that design and instructional design are not synonymous, as the products of these processes differ. The didactic foundations of designing and managing a results-oriented educational process, as well as the methodological foundations for organizing a comfortable educational system, are considered. Attention is drawn to the emergence of a new profession in the teaching profession – pedagogical designer, who assumes the functions of designing an educational model that shapes a methodological style of thinking. A comparison of the content of training programs in various forms of education made it possible to establish their focus on solving narrow pedagogical problems and to determine the prospects for developing the readiness of new teaching staff to solve innovative educational problems.

This article examines the formation of large local areas of agricultural and industrial populations in the forest -steppe borderlands of the Southern Middle Volga region after the end of the Time of Troubles, in the 1620-ies–early 1640-ies. An attempt has been made to identify the special role of representatives of the royal family and the highest ecclesiastical circles, as well as privileged merchants, in this process. This study continues a series of papers devoted to the study of the specifics of the mass governmental, military-administrative, and economic agricultural-industrial colonization of the European southeast of the Russian state during its development as a frontier. The work is based on sources from the collections of the Russian State Archives of Ancient Documents (RGADA), the Russian State Library’s Archives of Archives (OR RSL), and other central Russian archives, as well as previously published sources. The study demonstrated that throughout the joint reign of Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich and Patriarch Filaret, they maintained close cooperation with Nadeya (Epiphanius) Sveteshnikov, a guest belonging to a privileged merchant corporation. This cooperation enabled the development of one of the most significant foreign fishing industries in the Volga Delta and the establishment of two large local centers of industrial and agricultural settlement in the Samara Luka.

The article introduces for the first time into scholarly circulation the letters of the Samara genealogist and historian of the nobility, Prince S.A. Khovansky (1883–1941), which were addressed to the founder of scientific genealogy in Russia, L.M. Savelov (1868–1947). They are kept in the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum, date back to 1910–1915, and represent a unique source on genealogical research in Samara in the early XX century. A comprehensive analysis of these ego-texts allows us to understand S.A. Khovansky’s collaboration with the Historical and Genealogical Society in Moscow, characterize his research on the history of his own family and archaeographic activities, and clarify the composition of the genealogical section of his personal library. The direct influence of L.M. Savelov’s views on the methodological position of S.A. Khovansky, especially noticeable during his work on a fundamental reference book on the genealogy of the Samara elite, begun in 1915 at the suggestion of the provincial marshal of the nobility, A.N. Naumov. This large-scale project was never completed due to political upheavals, but it was a landmark event in the history of regional scholarly genealogy, marking, together with the generational charts of S.A. Khovansky and A.A. Sivers, published in 1913, the genesis of systematic genealogical discourse. As epistolary sources attest, thanks to S.A. Khovansky’s regular contacts with L.M. In Samara, Savelov adopted the theoretical and methodological features of the Moscow genealogical school: a desire to study sources and expand the boundaries of genealogical research, an interest in all groups of the nobility, regardless of their noble origin and socio-economic status, and an understanding of regional nobility was integrated into the all-Russian process of developing genealogical knowledge.

The article analyzes the organization and activities of the Jewish Section of the RCP(b) – VKP(b) based on the materials of the Samara province. The formation of national sections allowed the authorities to keep various ethnic groups under control and contributed to their involvement in communist ideology and the Soviet way of life. This article is motivated by using helps to better understand the Soviet national policy in one of the characteristic regions of the Middle Volga region. The study is based on the historical-genetic method and the method of comparative analysis. The source base of the article is the materials of the Samara Regional State Archive of Social and Political History (SOGASPI). The historiography of the problem is divided into issues on the history of the Jewish people in Russia, as well as on the situation of the Jewish population during the period of the new national policy in the USSR. The findings of the research allow us to identify the role of the Jewish section in the context of the national policy of the USSR at the stage of its formation. The transformation of the national policy of the Soviet government and the organization of the Jewish section of the RCP(b) – VKP(b) contributed to the active inclusion of Jews in the political and socio-cultural life of the Samara province.

The issues of the development of the USSR economy during the Great Patriotic War do not cease to arouse the interest of professional researchers. The wartime experience in organizing sugar production and providing sugar production with beet raw materials in the rear areas of the country may be relevant for solving the problem of food security and reducing the level of import dependence of the country in the modern period. The purpose of this work is to analyze the activities of sugar industry in the Middle Volga region during the war. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to attract new sources on the topic and analyze existing ones; to establish the main stages of development of the sugar industry in the region; to identify the main problems and ways to solve them; to consider the issue of providing the industry with raw materials, material resources, and labor. As a result, it was concluded that sugar-producing enterprises were an important component of economic development of the region and producers of necessary products for the front and rear; the difficulties of wartime led to a significant drop in sugar production; the acreage of sugar beet was significantly expanded, but yields remained relatively low; a significant role in the development of the industry was made by research teams of scientific and educational institutions; during the war years, the foundation was laid for the development of industry in the post-war period.

The article examines the development of a conflict within the creative intelligentsia of Kuibyshev in 1954, which was facilitated by the regional newspaper Volzhskaya Kommuna. The conflict involved Kuibyshev writers and local political authorities who were dissatisfied with the activities of the Executive Secretary of the Kuibyshev branch of the Union of Writers of the USSR, V. Kornilov, and the head of the Writers' Organization himself. The study highlights the role of informal connections and local networks in initiating and perpetuating the conflict within the elite, and examines the structure of the local network and the relationship between writers and the authorities.

The relevance of the study stems from the ongoing transformation of the contemporary communicative environment, which calls for greater flexibility, adaptability, and strategic variability in speech behavior. In this connection, the development of a scientifically grounded and practically applicable methodology for assessing communicative mobility acquires particular importance. The article presents a component-based structure of communicative mobility, within which the assessment criteria and a set of indicators are outlined. The proposed criteria and indicators were validated by experts – language specialists with experience in developing assessment tools for relevant characteristics. The study also provides examples of diagnostic tasks that enable the evaluation of the identified indicators. The proposed methodology can be applied in teaching language disciplines. The theoretical significance of the work consists in refining the definition of “communicative mobility” and providing a systematic framework of its elements, which encompass behavioral, cognitive, emotional and volitional dimensions of interaction in situations of elevated communicative complexity.

The article focuses on forming of safe type personality when studying disciplines «Health and Wellness» and «Life Safety». One of the most important aspects of life safety is the provision of first aid and its teaching requires a specific approach for education among students of non-medical universities. The results of an anonymous survey of 1187 students are presented. It is proved that applying of multimodal learning with the inclusion of additional information in the form of an online course is optimal. In addition to the theoretical part of course, thematic material on first aid requires necessary offline face to face practical training. According to the results of research, the number of students who are ready to apply their knowledge of first aid in real-life situations after finishing the course is increased by 12,8 times. Students notice decreased sense of fear and confusion, understanding the algorithm and the correctness of the actions in emergency situations. The integrated use of online and offline learning helps to improve preparedness for situations that threaten human life and health, enhance the acquisition of essential first aid knowledge and skills, and foster a culture of safe behavior and risk prevention that is the core principles of safety education.

The article proposes a pedagogical model of foreign language training for students of secondary vocational education of a technical profile, aimed at achieving a didactic result in the form of a threshold level of foreign language proficiency. Considering that foreign language training of a future mid-level specialist is practice-oriented, it should be based on the formation of skills for working with professional texts. Due to the limited study time for teaching a foreign language, the most important role is given to the clear organization of the pedagogical process. Based on the analysis of scientific and methodological works, the stages of teaching a foreign language in a technical school are clarified and, based on pedagogical modeling, a model of teaching a foreign language to future mid-level specialists is proposed. The model is defined in the form of interrelated components and establishes the formation of foreign language competence in the unity of three criteria – motivational, content and cognitive-functional. The presented model will make it possible to systematize and consistently consider the stages and conditions of foreign language teaching in secondary vocational education, highlight all the components of foreign language training and adjust them if necessary.

The study analyzes the transformation of the professional training system for English language teachers in India under the influence of a large-scale educational reform. It focuses on the formation of an integrated model that combines subject knowledge, pedagogical skills, and digital competencies. The purpose of the work is to reveal the mechanisms and directions of this transformation, driven by the implementation of the Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP), national digital platforms, and an updated regulatory framework. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: systematizing the regulatory framework of ITEP, identifying the functional potential of the PM eVIDYA ecosystem (SWAYAM, DIKSHA, PARAKH), and assessing the organizational and methodological consequences of implementing the National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST-2021). The methodological basis comprised comparative and structural-functional analysis applied to a corpus of sources, including Russian and international scientific publications (2021–2025) and primary regulatory documents from Indian educational authorities (NCTE, NCERT). The scientific novelty lies in conducting the first systematic reconstruction of the Indian reform in Russian comparative pedagogy, with a focus on the changing role of English departments in the context of digitalization. As a result, it was found that the key outcome of the reform is the creation of a sustainable educational ecosystem characterized by: the synchronous integration of academic disciplines, prolonged school practice, and the continuous development of digital competencies; the synergy of national platforms performing differentiated didactic functions (from MOOC crediting to ensuring inclusive access); and the reorientation of training towards the challenges of working in a multilingual environment using digital tools. Systemic challenges were identified, such as the digital divide and the need to develop mechanisms for inter-university moderation of online courses. The conclusions of the article emphasize that the Indian experience represents a model of deep integration of digitalization into the architecture of teacher education, which has significant potential for comparative studies and adaptation in other national contexts.

Global digitalization of education presents higher educational institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan with the task of modernizing the educational process while preserving the principles of person-centered pedagogy. The need for harmonious combination of innovative digital technologies with traditional humanistic educational values determines the relevance of this research. to analyze existing practices of integrating digital technologies into the personality developing education system in Tajik universities and identify features of their application for individualizing the educational process. A complex of complementary methods was employed: theoretical analysis of scientific literature on education digitalization and personality-oriented pedagogy; pedagogical observation of the educational process over two semesters; surveys of faculty (n = 187) and students (n = 247) from three leading universities in Tajikistan; semi-structured interviews with educational program directors and information technology specialists. Three main models of digital technology integration were identified: supplementation model (63 %), partial transformation model (28 %), and systemic integration model (9 %). It was established that adaptive learning systems, electronic educational resources, and collaborative platforms possess significant potential for individualizing the educational process. Key factors for successful integration were determined: faculty digital competence, institutional support, quality of technical infrastructure, methodological support. Integration of digital technologies into personality-developing education in Tajik universities is at an initial stage of development. Successful realization of digitalization potential requires a systemic approach including professional development of faculty, improvement of technical infrastructure, and creation of national educational platforms adapted to the country's cultural and linguistic context. A promising direction is the development of integration models that account for the specifics of various disciplines and students' educational needs.

The article considers an indirect model of transmission of power semantics through an indication of the consequence. The model demonstrates the ability to express not only the value of a degree, but also a subjective assessment of a trait. The purpose of the article is to examine the mechanism of transmission of a subjective attitude and the creation of an expressive effect when using this model. The material for the analysis was primarily the resources of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The research uses the methods of component, contextual and transformational analysis. It is revealed that the investigative model is functionally related to the expression of intensity, has a rich potential for expressing a subjective assessment of the manifestation of a feature in the form of an indication of the consequence – expanded in a complex sentence and collapsed in a simple sentence. An effect is understood as the result of the development of a trait or its perception to an unusual degree of manifestation – an emotional reaction to it or an assessment that arises during the observer’s reflection. The wide possibilities of the model in expressing intensity are provided by using different perspectives of perception, comprehension and evaluation of the feature by the observer, often hyperbolized. Hyperbolization serves to create an expressive effect by pointing to another stage of the development of the trait (loves to madness / madly) and expressing the author’s assessment of the manifestation of the trait as impossible or inappropriate (indescribably delicious, criminally long). The results of the research can be applied in practice in the process of teaching modern Russian language and stylistics courses.

More and more scientists-representatives, as well as representatives of social and religious institutions point out the similarity of sport and religion. Sport is said to be pseudo religion, quasi-religion, new (Soviet, civil) religion. The reason for such a conclusion is a number of features uniting religious cults and processes representing the conceptual sphere of sport. Through the example of facts of the German ethnolinguistic culture (quotations of well-known philosophers, sociologists, culturologists, the response of the society to some sports events where German football teams participate, fans’ behavioral pattern including verbal behavior, representing sports facts in media discourse in terms of religion), the article substantiates the rightfulness of the statement that football in Germany is in fact a kind of religion, it assumes some of its crucial functions. Football is considered to be extremely popular not without a reason: it has remained most prominent in Germany by a huge margin since the national team of the FRG won the World Cup in 1954. The results of the research help to understand better the peculiarities of contemporary religious commitment, the so-called «religion-like phenomena». The paper outlines further perspectives in the research range of problems including the opposite projection, which might let determine the level of sports commitment in the religious discourse, and intercultural communication, which could involve the comparison of data about the German and Russian linguistic view of the world.

The article examines narrative deixis in contemporary British short prose, a genre characterized by compactness, the absence of linear plot development, a focus on the inner world of the character, and symbolism. The relevance of the study stems from the insufficient exploration of the linguostylistic and linguopoetic features of the short story genre, particularly in terms of its deictic characteristics. The research demonstrates that the format of short fiction requires an enhanced role of deictic projections in shaping the structure and content of the short story, as well as an expansion of the range of linguistic and compositional means performing deictic functions. The material for the study includes short stories by British writers of the 20th and 21st centuries (G. Greene, G. Swift, R. Butlin, J. Harris), which reflect the typological features of contemporary British short fiction. The study employs the descriptive method, the general scientific analytical-synthetic method, methods of linguostylistic and linguopoetic analysis, and contextual analysis. The results of the study suggest that in contemporary British short fiction deixis serves as a key navigational tool that enables readers to orient themselves within the multidimensional space of the text. The analysis has identified a number of deictic strategies, the most significant of which include: 1) close correlation between different types of deixis; 2) orientation of deictic projections towards the character’s inner world and the imagery of the text as a whole; 3) emergence of a split or multiple deictic center; the deictic projection of «reader as subject»; 4) realization of the deictic opposition «near vs. far» as a multi-layered semantic marker; 5) amplification of the deictic potential of the frame structure (the title, beginning, and ending of the story).

The article highlights the scientific contribution of the prominent Soviet and Russian linguist E.M. Vereshchagin to the study of the initial stage of Slavic-Russian written language. The subject of the research is E.M. Vereshchagin's scientific activity aimed at developing Soviet Paleoslavistics and researching the Cyril and Methodius heritage. The article's goal is to demonstrate, within the context of the history of domestic Paleoslavistics and the trends that defined it, the significance of Professor E.M. Vereshchagin's works for understanding the history of the origin of writing and the bookish-written language in Ancient Rus', and the role of the Cyril and Methodius tradition in the history of the Old Russian literary language. The scholar's aspiration to show in his works that the most important source of the Russian literary language throughout its history, including the modern period, is not only vernacular speech but also the Old Russian literary language, which traces back to the activities of Saints Cyril and Methodius and their disciples, is emphasized. The research employs systemic and historical-cultural approaches, as well as comparative and historiographical methods. The author traces the state of Russian Paleoslavistics in the XIX century, and the mid and second half of the XX century, periods that witnessed the revival of domestic Cyril and Methodius studies with the active participation of E.M. Vereshchagin. The review presents the scholar's role in the development of several scientific fields: the theory of bilingualism, linguocultural studies, linguistic country studies, source studies, Cyril and Methodius studies, and others.

The relevance of the study lies in expanding our understanding of the functional-pragmatic and linguistic characteristics of medical instructions for the use of medications and the need to classify them as a specific discursive practice. The subject of the study is the pragmastylistic essence of the genre under consideration. Based on the methodology of speech genre modeling by T.V. Shmelyova, the main communicatively significant parameters of medical instructions texts are characterized, taking into account their linguopragmatic specificity, which defines the purpose of this study. It has been established that when the patient is indicated as the primary recipient in the package insert, the patient's level of awareness and ability to adequately receive information is low, and professional training is necessary to interpret information about the composition and pharmacological properties of the medication, its effects, methods of use, potential side effects, etc. Therefore, based on the results of the study, the author concludes that the text of the medication package insert is primarily intended for specialized recipients. This vector of addressability allows us to point out the pragmatic passivity of the addressee-consumer (patient) in the context of the indispensable professional communicative activity of doctors and pharmacists. The linguistic features (modalities of possibility/obligation, the presence of impulsive/prohibitive constructions) confirm the high degree of normativity and impersonality of the communicative organization of these texts. The study concludes with the author's definition of drug instructions as a specific speech genre. The proposed interpretation of a specific genre contributes to the study of the theory of speech genres and can contribute to the further development of genres in medical and pharmaceutical discourse.

This research is devoted to analyzing the functioning of the conceptual metaphor «LANGUAGE LEARNING IS A JOURNEY» in contemporary English-language linguodidactic discourse. The study's objective was to identify the suggestive potential of this metaphor for transforming cognitive representations, emotional patterns, and social roles in the educational process. A longitudinal experiment involving students of HSE University (experimental group, *n* = 12; control group, *n* = 11) revealed its influence on cognitive and emotional aspects of learning. In the experimental group, the metaphor was systematically integrated into the educational process, and the following results were observed: cognitive reorientation with emphasis on process dynamics; deconstruction of the educational hierarchy: replacement of the «teacher-wizard and student-neophyte» model with «guide – fellow travelers», where the student became an active cartographer independently determining their learning trajectory; as well as emotional regulation through reframing difficulties: errors were reinterpreted as «points of interest», not threats – while stress-inducing metaphors endured in the control group. Thus, the journey metaphor confirmed its status not only as a verbalization tool, but as a mechanism of cognitive-motivational restructuring that humanizes the educational space through rethinking the language learning experience.

This is a review on a scholarly publication of the diary by one of the most prominent statesmen of the Russian Empire M.M. Speransky. This diary has been written in the 1820-ies. The review notes the depth and the thoroughness of the approach of the editors in preparing this publication. The diary entries were meticulously verified and supplemented with the detailed commentary, the name indexes, and the geographical indices. The publication is preceded by a lengthy introduction by T.V. Andreeva, an expert on the biography of Speransky and his written legacy. Thanks to this publication, the reformer’s personal account of his life and his work has become accessible to a wide audience, including both those who professionally research the past and those who are simply interested in the country’s history. Thus, the publishers have provided an opportunity to appreciate the contribution of Speransky to the history of imperial Russia in general, and to one of the most eventful decades of the XIX century in particular. This publication helps to rise our knowledge about it at a new higher level. The publication of this diary, written in the 1820-ies, should be recognized as one of the most successful historical sources publications in our times. This edition undoubtedly will be particularly useful for the specialists in the various fields of humanities who study the deeds and writings of this renowned administrator, jurist, and political thinker in the XIX century, as well as for the teachers of these disciplines and their students.