The use of cryogenic resources by participants of scientific research expeditions to the Arctic regions of Yakutia. The end of the XIX – the first quarter of the XX centuries.

The subject of the article is an analysis of the experience of taking into account the traditional knowledge of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic and the use by representatives of the research community in the course of their professional activities in high latitudes of cryogenic resources – material objects and forces of nature exploited by society, the origin and development of which is due to the sphere of cold. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to reconstruct the practices of using cryogenic resources in the course of conducting expeditionary research in the Arctic regions of Yakutia during the 1880s – mid-1920s. In this regard, the author's attention is drawn to the history of the Lena (1882–1884) and Russian polar expeditions (1900–1902), the Lena-Kolyma expedition (1909) and some other works performed on the territory of Yakutia. A complex of source material has been attracted, which includes documents from the archival collections of the years, as well as scientific papers published based on the results of the studies. Special methods of historical cognition were used in the analysis of this range of sources. The methodological basis for the development of the topic was the application of the noted principles laid down in cryosophy and anthropology of cold. The conducted research made it possible for the first time to show the practices of exploitation of cryogenic resources by participants of expeditions to the Arctic regions of Yakutia during the period under review. The properties of natural cold, snow, ice and permafrost were found to be used in providing representatives of the scientific community with nutrition (obtaining drinking water, cryogenic effects during cooking, food storage), performing their routes (snow and ice roads, ice bridges, icing of sled runners), as well as in the process of the arrangement of dwellings and pavilions for research (windows made of ice). The data obtained during the research also give some idea of the effectiveness of scientists' adoption of the experience of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic and, in general, the fruitfulness of the dialogue between representatives of the research community and the local population.

Arctic, Yakutia, Academy of Sciences, Cryoanthropology, cryogenic resources, snow, ice, permafrost, researches, expeditions