Лечение переломов дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости у пожилых пациентов: обзор литературы

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Актуальность. Переломы дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости (ДМЛК) — одна из самых частых травм среди пожилого населения. Их количество неуклонно растет, и эпидемиологи предсказывают дальнейший рост. Несмотря на растущую популярность, эффективность хирургического лечения данной патологии у пожилых пациентов остается дискутабельной.

Цель — определить оптимальный метод лечения переломов дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости в старшей возрастной группе пациентов на основе сравнительного анализа данных литературы о различных методах лечения — консервативных и хирургических.

Материал и методы. Поиск литературы проведен в базах данных PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY. Поиск осуществлен по наличию в заголовках и резюме следующих ключевых слов, их производных и комбинаций: лечение, дистальный метаэпифиз лучевой кости, пожилые люди; treatment, distal radius fracture, elderly. Первичный анализ на соответствие критериям включения выполнялся по заголовкам и резюме статей, после чего проводился анализ полнотекстовых статей. Источники, полнотекстовые версии которых были недоступны, исключались из анализа.

Результаты. Проанализированы актуальные эпидемиологические данные, описаны особенности обследования данной возрастной категории пациентов с переломами ДМЛК, выделены основные методы лечения. Основным методом лечения остается консервативное лечение: закрытая репозиция и иммобилизация. Среди хирургических методов лечения в последние десятилетия открытая репозиция с фиксацией ладонной блокируемой пластиной стала доминирующей, вытеснив такие методы, как закрытая репозиция и фиксация спицами либо аппаратом внешней фиксации. На ранних сроках наблюдения пожилые пациенты, оперированные с помощью ладонной блокируемой пластины, имеют функциональные преимущества по сравнению с теми, кто получил консервативное лечение. Однако на отдаленных сроках наблюдения большинство исследований показывают отсутствие существенных различий в функциональных результатах между хирургическим и консервативным лечением, несмотря на различия в рентгенологических результатах в пользу хирургического метода лечения.

Заключение. Для большинства пожилых пациентов оптимальным методом лечения может быть консервативное лечение. Хирургическое вмешательство с помощью ладонной блокируемой пластины оправдано для некоторых групп пожилых пациентов, так как этот метод может увеличивать скорость восстановления после травмы.

Об авторах

Нияз Альбертович Латыпов

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова» Минздрава России

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: niyaz.a.latypov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6309-7119
Россия, Москва

Игорь Олегович Голубев

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова» Минздрава России

Email: Iog305@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1291-5094

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Россия, Москва

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