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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ogarev-online</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ogarev-online</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Огарёв-online</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2311-2468</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">380154</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15507/2311-2468.014.202601.098-107</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">vuqtpr</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Medical Sciences</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Медицинские науки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ultrasonic Indicators of Metastasis to Regional Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ультразвуковые критерии метастатического поражения регионарных лимфоузлов при раке молочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-9661</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">K-2541-2013</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6410-0089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydkin</surname><given-names>Vasiliy I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдкин</surname><given-names>Василий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand.Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Нead of the Department of Hospital Surgery with Courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ophthalmology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной хирургии с курсами травматологии и ортопедии, офтальмологии </p></bio><email>v-dav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4098-6793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Durnaykina</surname><given-names>Diana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дурнайкина</surname><given-names>Диана Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident Physician at the Medical Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач–ординатор медицинского института </p></bio><email>ddurnaykina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Davydkin V.I., Durnaykina D.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Давыдкин В.И., Дурнайкина Д.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Davydkin V.I., Durnaykina D.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Давыдкин В.И., Дурнайкина Д.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogarev-online.ru/2311-2468/article/view/380154">https://ogarev-online.ru/2311-2468/article/view/380154</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common oncological pathology in women in Russia (23 % in the structure of oncological diseases). About 90 % of deaths from this disease are caused by metastases. In this regard, it is critically important to effectively detect metastases in the regional lymphatic system at the stage of tumor development. The aim of the study is to develop and present stratified variants of metastatic lesion of regional lymph nodes in breast cancer based on a comprehensive analysis of echographic semiotics, which are significant for optimizing the diagnostic algorithm.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>For the study, the results of a comprehensive examination of outpatient patients who applied for the first time and in dynamics to the Republican Oncological Dispensary in the period from August to November 2025 with a diagnosis of "malignant neoplasm of the mammary glands" were taken. The protocols of ultrasound examination of mammary glands, postoperative scars and regional lymph nodes were studied.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Metastatic lymph node damage was detected in 14 (13 %) patients, including three at the initial treatment, 11 during dynamic follow–up, and two after radical mastectomy. Based on the analysis of echographic signs (shape, contours, internal structure, and the nature of blood flow), six variants of changes in lymph nodes were identified and characterized, of which five correspond to a metastatic lesion.</p> <p><bold>Discussion and conclusion. </bold>Due to the high incidence of breast cancer and polymophrism of echoscopic semiotics, any non-standard deviations in the structure of lymph nodes in women should be considered through the prism of the possibility of their metastatic lesion. Even if one of the criteria is present, it requires a comprehensive diagnosis and comparison with clinical data, mammography, and, above all, a biopsy (fine needle or trepanobiopsy). This contributes to the timely verification of breast cancer and the choice of rational treatment tactic.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Рак мoлoчной железы (РМЖ) – наиболее частая онкологическая патология у женщин в Рос­сии (23 % в структуре oнкoзаболеваний). Около 90 % смертей от этой болезни обусловлены метаста­зами. В связи с этим критически важно эффективно выявлять метастазы в регионарной лимфатической системе на этапе развития опухоли. Цель исследования – на основе комплексного анализа эхографиче­ской семиотики разработать и представить стратифицированные варианты метастатического поражения регионарных лимфатических узлов при раке молочной железы, значимые для оптимизации диагности­ческого алгоритма.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Для исследования были взяты результаты комплексного обследования амбула­торных пациентов, обратившиеся впервые и в динамике в ГБУЗ РМ «Республиканский онкологический диспансер» в период с августа по ноябрь 2025 года с диагнозом «злокачественное новообразование молочных желез». Изучены протоколы ультразвукового исследования молочных желез, послеопераци­онных рубцов и регионарных лимфатических узлов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты исследования. </bold>У 14 (13 %) пациенток выявлено метастатическое поражение лимфати­ческих узлов, в том числе, у трех – при первичном обращении, у 11 – в ходе динамического наблюде­ния, у двух – после радикальной мастэктомии. На основе анализа эхографических признаков (формы, контуров, внутренней структуры, характера кровотока) выделены и охарактеризованы шесть вариантов изменений лимфатических узлов, из которых пять соответствуют метастатическому поражению.</p> <p><bold>Обсуждение и заключение. </bold>В связи с высокой частотой РМЖ и полимофризмом эхоскопической семи­отики любые нестандартные отклонения в структуре лимфатических узлов у женщин должны рассма­триваться через призму возможности их метастатического поражения. Даже при наличии одного из критериев требует проведение комплексной диагностики и сопоставления с клиническими данными, маммографией и, прежде всего, проведения биопсии (тонкоигольной или трепанобиопсии). Это способ­ствует своевременной верификации рака молочной железы и выбору рациональной лечебной тактики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>metastasis</kwd><kwd>regional lymph nodes</kwd><kwd>ultrasound diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>метастазирование</kwd><kwd>регионарные лимфоузлы</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zakharkina V.A., Skopin P.I. Challenges in the Treatment of Oncological Diseases during Pregnancy. Medicine and Biotechnology. 2025;1(2):119–129. (In Russ. abstract in Eng.) https://doi.org/10.15507/3034-6231.001.202502.119-129</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Park M., Kim D., Ko S., Kim A., Mo K., Yoon H. Breast Cancer Metastasis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. 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