Ogarev-onlineOgarev-onlineОгарёв-online2311-2468National Research Mordovia State University35048810.15507/2311-2468.014.202601.074-087qkkgioTechnical SciencesТехнические наукиResearch ArticleFeatures of DNA Sorption by Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Aminofunctionalized Silicon Dioxide from Whole BloodОсобенности сорбции ДНК магнитными наночастицами с покрытием из аминофункционализированного диоксида кремния из цельной кровиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-082357212466449AGY-4442-20225690-5996YakobsonDenis E.ЯкобсонДенис Эдуардович
Russian Federation

Junior Researcher of the Educational and Scientific Laboratory of Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Targeted Pharmaceutical Formulations

Младший научный сотрудник учебно-научной лаборатории доклинических и клинических испытаний таргетных форм фармпрепаратов

ykbsn@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8272-197357193334865L-6995-20176948-3305ZharkovMikhail N.ЖарковМихаил Николаевич
Russian Federation

Head of the Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Targeted Pharmacotherapy

Заведующий лабораторией фармакокинетики и таргетной фармакотерапии

mikhail.zharkov.92@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-3612-8225AkopyanRazmik GegamovichАкопянРазмик Гегамович
Russian Federation

Student at the Medical Instityte

Студент Медицинского института

ramzik_aga@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-6359-9260PoletaevaAnastasia S.ПолетаеваАнастасия Сергеевна
Russian Federation

Student ath the Medical Institute

Студент Медицинского института

nastya.poletaeva8@gmail.comFederal Center for Biothechnology and Medicine AdvancementФедеральный центр развития биотехнологий и медицины3103202614174871011202501122025Copyright ©; 2026, Yakobson D.E., Zharkov M.N., Akopyan R.G., Poletaeva A.S.Copyright ©; 2026, Якобсон Д.Э., Жарков М.Н., Акопян Р.Г., Полетаева А.С.2026Yakobson D.E., Zharkov M.N., Akopyan R.G., Poletaeva A.S.Якобсон Д.Э., Жарков М.Н., Акопян Р.Г., Полетаева А.С.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://ogarev-online.ru/2311-2468/article/view/350488

Introduction. Magnetic nanoparticles based on iron oxide (Fe3O4) occupy a special place in modern biotechnology, in particular for DNA isolation. Methods using them are faster, simpler, and easier to automate than classical approaches. In conditions of shortage of imported reagents, the demand for the development of domestic analogues of magnetic nanoparticles is increasing. The aim of the study is to develop a technology for the synthesis and modification of magnetic nanoparticles that ensure effective isolation of DNA from whole blood.

Materials and methods. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles of spherical morphology were obtained by hydrothermal method. To impart sorption properties, the particles were coated with silicon dioxide (SiO2) or aminofunctionalized silicon dioxide (SiO2–NH2). The obtained particles were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) methods. The sorption capacity of the nanoparticles and the integrity of the isolated DNA were determined spectrophotometrically and by electrophoresis.

Results. TEM and DLS analysis showed the spherical morphology of the resulting magnetic particles with a narrow size distribution. Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 particles demonstrated maximum sorption capacity, surpassing both pure SiO2 coated particles and their commercial counterparts. At the same time, all synthesized particles provided a high-quality drug with DNA extracted from the blood.

Discussion and conclusion. Particles for DNA separation of spherical morphology with a multilayer coating based on SiO2 have been developed. The advantage of functionalized particles over their commercial counterparts in terms of sorption efficiency is shown. The results obtained confirm the prospects of using the developed magnetic particles in commercial kits for the isolation of nucleic acids from whole blood, which can replace foreign analogues for diagnostic and research purposes.

Введение. Магнитные наночастицы на основе оксида железа (Fe3O4) занимают особое место в совре­менной биотехнологии, в частности для выделения ДНК. Методы с их использованием быстрее, проще и легче автоматизируются, чем классические подходы. В условиях дефицита импортных реагентов повышается спрос на разработку отечественных аналогов магнитных наночастиц. Цель исследования – разработка технологии синтеза и модификации магнитных наночастиц, обеспечивающих эффективное выделение ДНК из цельной крови.

Материалы и методы. Магнитные наночастицы Fe3O4 сферической морфологии получали гидро­термальным методом. Для придания сорбционных свойств частицы покрывали диоксидом кремния (SiO2) или аминофункционализированным диоксидом кремния (SiO2–NH2). Характеризацию получен­ных частиц проводили с помощью методов просвечивающей электронной микроскопии (Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM), рентгеновской энерго-дисперсионной спектроскопии (Energy-Dispersive X-ray, EDX), динамического светорассеяния (Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS) и БЭТ (Брунауэра-Эммета- Теллера). Сорбционную емкость наночастиц и целостность выделенной ДНК определяли спектрофото­метрически и методом электрофореза.

Результаты исследования. TEM и DLS анализ показал сферическую морфологию полученных маг­нитных частиц с узким распределением по размерам. Частицы Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 продемонстрировали максимальную сорбционную емкость, превосходящую как частицы с покрытием из чистого SiO2, так и коммерческий аналог. При этом все синтезированные частицы обеспечили высокое качество препа­рата с выделенной из крови ДНК.

Обсуждение и заключение. Разработаны частицы для сепарации ДНК сферической морфологии с многослойным покрытием на основе SiO2. Показано преимущество функционализированных частиц перед коммерческим аналогом по эффективности сорбции. Полученные результаты подтверждают перспективность применения разработанных магнитных частиц в коммерческих наборах для выделе­ния нуклеиновых кислот из цельной крови, способных заменить иностранные аналоги в диагностиче­ских и исследовательских целях.

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