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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ogarev-online</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ogarev-online</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Огарёв-online</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2311-2468</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">350030</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15507/2311-2468.014.202601.064-073</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">qgover</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Technical Sciences</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технические науки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Design, Molecular Docking, and Structure–Property Analysis of Novel Combretastatin A-4 Derivatives</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дизайн, молекулярный докинг и анализ «структура–свойство» новых производных комбретастатина А-4</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-7110</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7402499001</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAK-3379-2021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7081-3122</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Chair of Fundamental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доцент, кандидат химических наук, доцент кафедры фундаментальной химии и химической технологии Национального исследовательского Мордовского государственного университета </p></bio><email>salexan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2822-9927</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57192097505</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4680-4771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakireva</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балакирева</surname><given-names>Ольга Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Lecturer at the Chair of Fundamental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат химических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры фундаментальной химии и химической технологии </p></bio><email>olja.balakireva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1540-0627</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agaltsova</surname><given-names>Alina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агальцова</surname><given-names>Алина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student at the Institute of Science-Intensive Technologies and New Materials </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент Института наукоемких технологий и новых материалов </p></bio><email>as617as@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4144-1067</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1822-7255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasev</surname><given-names>Stefan M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>Стефан Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student at the Institute of Science-Intensive Technologies and New Materials</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент Института наукоемких технологий и новых материалов</p></bio><email>StefanQw@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-26"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Semenov A.V., Balakireva O.I., Agaltsova A.S., Afanasev S.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Семенов А.В., Балакирева О.И., Агальцова А.С., Афанасьев С.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenov A.V., Balakireva O.I., Agaltsova A.S., Afanasev S.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенов А.В., Балакирева О.И., Агальцова А.С., Афанасьев С.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogarev-online.ru/2311-2468/article/view/350030">https://ogarev-online.ru/2311-2468/article/view/350030</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> One of the most promising areas of a targeted approach to the treatment of malignant neoplasms is the inhibition of tubulin polymerization. In this regard, the aim of this study is the molecular design of new derivatives of combretastatin A-4 to identify compounds with high affinity for the colchicine site of β-tubulin.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Molecular docking was performed in the Glide software package (Schrödinger Maestro module). The crystallographic structure of the tubulin-combretastatin A4 complex (PDB ID 5LYJ) was used as a receptor. To identify the structure–property relationships, the following descriptors were calculated: the number of hydroxyl and methoxyl groups; the presence of C=C bonds, cyclopropane and 1,2,5-oxadiazole rings. The ADME characteristics were calculated using the ADMETlab resource.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Of the 96 compounds examined, 7 molecules demonstrated better (more negative) GlideScore values than combretastatin. The presence of methoxyl groups negatively correlates with the value of GlideScore, making the main contribution to affinity due to hydrophobic interactions with the binding site. Hydroxyl groups also contribute to improved binding to the target due to the formation of additional hydrogen bonds. Replacing the double bond with a cyclopropane fragment results in compounds with comparable affinity (GlideScore ≈ – 8.2 kcal/mol). In contrast, oxadiazole analogues, on average, exhibit worse binding rates.</p> <p><bold>Discussion and conclusion.</bold> Compounds containing a cis-alkene bridge and a combination of hydroxy and methoxy substituents demonstrated GlideScore values superior to combretastatin A-4, which makes them candidates for further synthesis and experimental study in vitro.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Одним из наиболее перспективных направлений таргетного подхода к лечению злокаче­ственных новообразований является ингибирование полимеризации тубулина. В связи с этим, целью настоящего исследования является молекулярный дизайн новых производных комбретастатина А-4 для выявления соединений с высокой аффинностью к колхициновому сайту <italic>β</italic>-тубулина. </p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Молекулярный докинг выполнялся в программном комплексе Glide (модуль Schrödinger Maestro). В качестве рецептора использована кристаллографическая структура комплекса тубулина с комбретастатином A4 (PDB ID 5LYJ). Для выявления зависимостей «структура–свойство» были вычислены следующие дескрипторы: количество гидроксильных и метоксильных групп; наличие C=C-связей, циклопропановых и 1,2,5-оксадиазольных колец. ADME характеристики были рассчитаны с использованием ресурса ADMETlab. </p> <p><bold>Результаты исследования. </bold>Из 96 рассмотренных соединений 7 молекул продемонстрировали лучшие (более отрицательные) значения GlideScore, чем комбретастатин. Наличие метоксильных групп отрицательно коррелирует со значением GlideScore, внося основной вклад в аффинность за счет гидрофобных взаимодействий с сайтом связывания. Гидроксильные группы также способствует улучшению связывания с мишенью за счет формирования дополнительных водородных связей. Замена двойной связи на циклопропановый фрагмент приводит к получению соединений с сопоставимой аффинностью (GlideScore ≈ – 8,2 ккал/моль). Напротив, оксадиазольные аналоги в среднем демонстрируют худшие показатели связывания. </p> <p><bold>Обсуждение и заключение. </bold>Соединения, содержащие цис-алкеновый мостик и комбинацию гидрокси- и метокси-заместителей, продемонстрировали значения GlideScore, превосходящие комбретастатин A-4, что делает их кандидатами для дальнейшего синтеза и экспериментального изучения in vitro.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>combretastatin A-4</kwd><kwd>analogs</kwd><kwd>molecular docking</kwd><kwd>tubulin polymerization inhibitors</kwd><kwd>antitumor properties</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комбретастатин А-4</kwd><kwd>аналоги</kwd><kwd>молекулярный докинг</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы полимеризации тубулина</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевые свойства</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке внутривузовского науч- ного гранта в области гуманитарных, естественных и инженерно-технических наук ФГБОУ ВО «МГУ им. Н.П. Огарёва» 2025 г.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of an intra-university research grant in the field of humanities, natural sciences, and engineering from Ogarev Mordovia State University of National Research Mordovia State University, 2025.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cheng Z., Lu X., Feng B. A Review of Research Progress of Antitumor Drugs Based on Tubulin Targets. Translational Cancer Research. 2020;9(6):4020–4027. https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-20-682</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dodokhova M.A., Kotieva I.M., Safronenko A.V., Shlyk S.V., Drobotya N.V., Shpakovsky D.B. Microtubules as a Target of Antitumor Drugs. 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