No 1-2 (2025)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the process of formation of a mobilization model of humanitarian, professional and worldview education during the educational process in technical universities in Russia. It is noted that the fundamental cause of the prosperity or, conversely, the decline of enterprises, institutions, universities, and even states is good or poor management, which in turn results from the high or low quality of the educational process in universities. A clear understanding of the scale and essence of the changes occurring in Russia, as well as overcoming difficulties and countering opposition to our progressive socio-economic development, is necessary. In this context, it is important whether the relevant solutions will be based on scientific recommendations, including those from the history and philosophy of science and technology, considering the specifics of the Russian internal environment, national traditions, and mentality. To enhance the training of future engineering personnel, the inter-university center for education in the history and philosophy of science and technology at SPbGMTU has developed, published, and integrated into the educational process several collective monographs, and other works. 

The article examines the problem of organizing educational work in the children's collective of primary schools, analyzes the trends of its development in the historical aspect and modern tasks. The concept of "educational work in primary schools" is substantiated, which is understood as a purposeful group activity organized by a teacher, involving children in socially significant relationships, an analysis of its principles and content is carried out; methodological features and forms of organization of educational work in the children's collective of the school are identified. It is emphasized that under the guidance of a teacher who performs the functions of a class teacher, the classroom team becomes a developing socio-cultural environment for schoolchildren, helping them to master traditional socio-cultural spiritual and moral values, norms, traditions, relations of cooperation, co-creation in joint activities and communication, contributing to an increase in the level of upbringing of children.

The article describes the history of the development of the concept of using compressor equipment from ancient times to the final stage of the industrial revolution in England in the 18th century. The evolution of systems using compressed air since ancient times, which developed as they were applied in practice, is considered. The data on the first discoveries of the phenomenon of compressibility of air by ancient scientists and inventors, which formed the basis for future technologies of air compression and pneumatics, demonstrating a high level of engineering in antiquity, are presented. The invention of the first Otto Von Guericke air pump is considered, which also showed the strength of atmospheric pressure during an experimental demonstration. Key inventions are mentioned, such as the automation of blast furnace bellows by John Smeaton and the creation of the first hydraulic "blow molding machine" by John Wilkinson. It describes the main chronological stages in the development of industrial compressor systems during the industrial revolution in England, such as mechanical air compressors patented by George Medhurst and William Mann. The importance of these technologies in various industries, including construction and mining, is emphasized by the example of their application.

The article discusses issues related to the prerequisites for its emergence, stages of development, features of shape formation, as well as prospects for the development of the space theme in design. The goals and objectives of the article are related to the study of the genesis of the concepts of space thinking, space style and space design, which are united by the common themes of space and artistic design. The authors trace the continuous connection of human cosmic thinking with scientific discoveries, technical inventions, technological innovations, as well as with the cultural and aesthetic growth of consumer demands. The definition of “space style in design” is given. The cultural and historical context of the development of space design is considered. Attention is paid to the development of design at the stage of active use of outer space, the use of the theme of space in design developments. As a result of the research, the article concludes that it is necessary to provide a solid philosophical basis for a new phenomenon - the cosmic evolution of humanity at a new stage of its cosmic development, where human culture acquires a special status as a phenomenon of the synthesis of scientific knowledge and high moral and aesthetic aspirations. The space for the life of civilization is expanding immensely, so designers must be actively involved in this activity. 

The article discusses the stages of creation and development of the theory of operation of rocket and space technology. At the stage of substantiating the need to create a theory of operation (mid-1950s –mid-1960s), scientific research was launched, and a system of training of operational specialists began to take shape. The most important result of the second stage (from mid-1960s to the late 1980s) was the creation of a system for the operation of rocket and space technology based on a strict state management strategy. At the third stage (since the early 1990s), the main direction is related to the development of resource-saving technologies for operation. Promising areas of development of the theory of operation are aimed at managing the life cycle of products as a whole. 

The article examines the process of the emergence and development of storage devices during the measurement of telemetric parameters, their tactical and technical characteristics, as well as the specifics of their application in practice. The process of development of storage devices is analyzed based on the evolution of the element base and new technical solutions in the creation of telecommunication technologies for each time interval. Their advantages and disadvantages are presented. 

The article considers the scientific and methodological apparatus for conducting a systematic and comprehensive analysis of
the formation and development of Russian ship-based anti-ship missile systems in the early 1950s - early 1980s. The principles, methods,
scientific and methodological tools used in the research process are presented. The materials of the article may be useful for researchers
in the field of the history of the development of domestic missile weapons.

The article is a continuation of the previously published chronological series of scientific works by V.V. Kalugin on the problem
"From the history of the organization, planning and coordination of scientific research in the USSR". The article presents the following
data: the number of registered discoveries and inventions in the USSR; the results of the implementation of scientific developments in
strategic sectors of the national economy of the country and their economic efficiency. Particular attention is paid to the complex problem
of implementation, which is an important scientific-organizational and scientific-technical process of preparing a scientific development for
serial production. At the same time, the author considers the next stage of implementation - the period of specialized propaganda of new
discoveries, inventions and other scientific achievements, which was mainly carried out by the USSR State Committee for Science and
Technology, the USSR Academy of Sciences, industry-specific USSR Academy of Sciences and republican academies of sciences. Detailed
conclusions are given at the end of the article.

The article analyzes the foundations of ancient national education in Kazakhstan, reflecting the unique pedagogical practices of
a nomadic society. Special attention is paid to the oral tradition as the main way of transmitting knowledge, including folk tales, myths and
epics that taught children moral principles and life skills, as well as craft skills, folklore and art in the upbringing of the younger generation.
It is shown that the ancient traditions of public education in Kazakhstan were closely connected with the life and traditions of the nomadic
people; they provided practical education and upbringing aimed at preparing children for adulthood.

The currencies of China and Russia are not only an important medium of economic exchange, but also "national visiting cards"
carrying historical and cultural symbols, just like a beautifully designed, rich in content, unique "cultural textbook", reflecting the different
national spirits and values of the two countries. This paper takes the design of the main scene patterns of the currencies of China and Russia
as the starting point, and carries out a vertical analysis of their historical background, significance and influence, as well as a horizontal analysis of their themes, characteristics and cultural connotations from the perspective of scenic spots. By interpreting the cultural symbols
and information in the main landscape patterns of the two currencies, we can deepen our comprehensive knowledge and understanding of
China and Russia, and promote the smooth progress of cross-cultural communication between the two sides.

: The paper examines the possibility of using mathematization methods for calculating chemical processes. It shows the possibility
of combining them with other approaches (experimental studies) to obtain the most complete and reliable idea of the chemical process being
studied and its further optimization, as well as the development of new materials and products based on the data ob-tained.