Предпринимательская ориентация российских фирм: роль внешней среды

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В статье анализируется связь между отдельными компонентами предпринимательской ориентации — инновационностью, проактивностью и готовностью к риску — и результатами деятельности российских малых и средних предприятий. Уточнена роль предпринимательской ориентации в достижении фирмой лучших показателей в условиях развивающегося рынка с учетом факторов внешней среды. Выводы подкреплены данными опроса руководителей российских малых и средних компаний разных секторов, обработанными с применением метода моделирования структурными уравнениями.По итогам обследования более чем сотни российских фирм были установлены различия в наборе составляющих предпринимательской ориентации по сравнению с развитыми государствами. Для развивающихся стран, включая Россию, характерна двухмерная структура предпринимательской ориентации, в которой инновационное и проактивное поведение воспринимается как один компонент, а готовность к риску — другой. Установлено, что в российских условиях положительная связь между нновационностью/проактивностью и результатами деятельности проявляется только в динамичной или враждебной внешней среде. Специфика отечественной институциональной и культурной ситуации служит объяснению полученных выводов.

Об авторах

Галина Широкова

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

Email: shirokova@gsom.pu.ru
199004, Санкт-Петербург, Волховский пер, 1/3

Карина Богатырева

Высшая школа менеджмента Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета

Email: bogatyreva.karina@gmail.com
199004, Санкт-Петербург, Волховский пер, 1/3

Татьяна Беляева

Высшая школа менеджмента Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета

Email: st020240@student.spbu.ru
199004, Санкт-Петербург, Волховский пер, 1/3

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