Effect of salting-out agents on nitric acid distribution between liquid and vapor in the course of evaporation of nitric acid radioactive waste

Abstract

The database on the influence of concentrations of salting-out agents with different cation valence (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺, NH₄⁺, Mg2+, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, La³⁺, Pu⁴⁺, UO₂²⁺ nitrates) and of H₂SO₄ on the HNO₃ distribution between liquid and vapor at atmospheric pressure was verified and expanded by performing equilibrium evaporation experiments in an evaporator without reflux with circulation of the bottoms. This equilibrium can be described by the equation \(\log {\kern 1pt} {\alpha _H} = - 2.35 + 2\log \;{X_{\Sigma N{O_3}}}\) (where \({X_{\Sigma N{O_3}}}\) is the total concentration of nitrate ions in aqueous solution), taking into account partial binding of water due to hydration of the salting-out agent and apparent hydrolysis of polyvalent cations, and also incomplete dissociation of sulfuric acid. The suggested model is valid at \({X_{\Sigma N{O_3}}}\) from 3 to 16 M (azeotrope); at \({X_{\Sigma N{O_3}}}{\text{ < }}\;3\), Raoult’s law is observed (α_H = const), which is confirmed by a number of examples. In this model, the additivity of the properties of the salting- out agents, taking into account the concentration of “free” water, is assumed, which allows calculation of the composition of the bottoms and distillate when evaporating waste of any composition from radiochemical plants.