To the question of diseases of the conusmedullaris and the sacral part of the spinal cord

The suffering of the lower spinal cord and caudae equinae have recently attracted the attention of researchers, and observations related to this issue are now carefully collected and described everywhere. Thanks to this, the range of our information has significantly expanded both 1) in relation to the determination of the level of damage, and 2) in relation to the differential diagnosis between the suffering of the spinal cord itself and damage to the corresponding roots. First of all, with regard to the first point, Raymond proposed for clinical purposes a more precise border of the cerebral cone, to which, in addition to the established anatomical boundaries, he also included the part of the medullae sacralis, which lies below the exit of the III sacral root. Damage to this part of the spinal cord is caused by a completely definite complex of symptoms, which is composed of: paralysis of the bladder and rectum, disorders in the male reproductive apparatus and limited anesthesia not only of the mucous membranes of the mentioned organs, but also of the perineum, the circumference of the ani and the lower sciatic region thigh surface.