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编号 6 (2025)
Articles
Agricultural science in the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation
摘要
The article discusses the main directions and results of scientific research in the field of agricultural sciences within the framework of the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long-term period (2021-2030), which allow strengthening the innovative scientific and technological potential of the country’s agro-industrial complex. The main efforts of scientists of the Department of Agricultural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences are aimed at solving problems in the field of agriculture, land reclamation, water and forestry, crop production and plant protection, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, agricultural mechanization, storage and processing of agricultural products, agricultural economics, spatial development of rural areas. The authors note a systemic transition in research methods associated with the use of digital technologies, genetic and biotechnologies, neural networks, artificial intelligence, automation and robotics. Agricultural science has achieved significant results: highly productive plant varieties and animal breeds, poultry crosses have been bred and are widely introduced; agro-landscape adaptive farming systems and agroforestry methods to combat soil desertification have been developed; highly effective preparations for plant and animal protection have been created, as well as modern robotic technical means for plant growing, livestock farming and processing of products, safe functional food products.
3-8
PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE – THE BASIS FOR ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF RUSSIA
摘要
Agriculture is one of the strategically important sectors of the country’s economy, the primary basis and guarantee of reliable food security, overcoming the significant gap in the standard and quality of life of the urban and rural population. Rural areas remain one of the most important national resources, producing from 16 to 22% of the country’s gross domestic product. Despite unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, agriculture is among the few sectors of the economy that has achieved relatively high results. However, not only old problems remain in the industry, but new systemic problems are also emerging, the solution of which is associated with both the rational use of the enormous agricultural potential and priority support for the industry and rural areas. Agriculture, focused on the implementation of the innovative and investment development model, is capable of reliably ensuring national food security, increasing the country’s role as a major global exporter of agricultural and food products. The priority of the state strategy in relation to the agricultural sector should be its development of a predominantly advanced rather than catch-up type, regardless of various internal and external risks, threats and challenges, as well as force majeure circumstances.
9-19
ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
摘要
The article is devoted to the formation and development of digital ecosystems in the agro-industrial complex. It is emphasized that increasing the efficiency, technology and competitiveness of agricultural production requires the use of ecosystem principles. The theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of ecosystems are analyzed, the regulatory legal field for the development of the data economy and digital transformation is characterized, and the directions of digitalization in the agro-industrial complex are considered. The need to form such an ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex that will allow seamless exchange of information, technologies, new knowledge, financial resources in order to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, transparency of interaction of all ecosystem entities, thereby optimizing value chains in the agro-industrial complex, minimizing costs and risks, increasing the efficiency of the management system in the agro-food sector. The architecture of the digital ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex is proposed to be built from three interconnected and complementary contours, the core of which will be the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The most important element of the third circuit should be a system of comprehensive monitoring of prices in the agro-food market, covering all participants in the production and distribution chain.
20-29
CURRENT TASKS IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THEIR SOLUTION
摘要
The land issue is extremely important for Russian society. In the context of modern geopolitical, natural, climatic and socio-economic challenges, we are given a chance to find an optimal solution to pressing land use problems. Along with significant achievements of recent years, a number of unresolved problems remain concerning the development and application of new approaches to land use, resource provision of the agro-industrial complex and agricultural technology policy. The article analyzes the impact of global climate change on land use, effective involvement of agricultural lands in circulation, scientific support for rational land use. The need to organize a single body regulating land relations under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is affirmed.
30-39
AGRARIAN POTENTIAL OF BRICS IN THE MODERN GEOECONOMIC LANDSCAPE
摘要
The modern global geoeconomic landscape is characterized by a number of trends in the organization of intercountry associations that set new vectors for the development of the global economic complex. Against this background, the promising and dynamically developing BRICS association is especially noticeable. One of its most important tasks is to ensure food security for all participants based on scientific and technological development, investment activities and intraregional trade. The BRICS countries have significant scientific and technological potential, the effective use of which enables the association participants to reach a new level of development and ensure the production of products competitive in the global agro-food market.
40-49
Improving the efficiency of agricultural machinery design using digital twins
摘要
Digital twins are a tool for improving the efficiency of design, optimization and acceleration of agricultural machinery market launch, which will allow for its comprehensive modeling and analysis at all stages of the life cycle. Methodological approaches to the creation of digital twins are considered, their advantages are analyzed, which help accelerate the transition between different stages of technology readiness. Practical recommendations aimed at rapid product launch are offered. The use of digital twins reduces development time, helps optimize design parameters and reduce the cost of field testing of domestic agricultural machinery, and therefore significantly increase its efficiency and competitiveness.
50-58
Integrated use of microbial preparations and fertilizers in the development of nature-like technologies in agriculture
摘要
The article discusses microbial preparations and fertilizers as an element of nature-like technologies in agriculture. Plant cultivation becomes more efficient due to the use of microbial-plant systems. Genetic factors of plants are supplemented with useful genes of symbiotic microflora. The mechanisms of adaptation of microsymbionts to the needs of the host plant are described. For the first time, it is proposed to produce new-generation biopreparations based on endophytic selected strains. The expediency of using microbial preparations and chemical means of intensification of agriculture (including biomineral fertilizers) for the development of nature-like technologies is shown.
59-66
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF PHYTOSANITARY SAFETY
摘要
A pressing issue of ensuring food security in the country is protecting agricultural crops from harmful organisms, the negative impact of which can lead to a loss of 50% of the harvest. Phytosanitary safety can be achieved by various methods, means and technologies. Cultivation of genetically protected varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops, as well as the use of the biological method ensure resource conservation, the production of environmentally friendly products and a reduction in the pesticide load on agrocenoses. However, 98% of the plant protection products used in our country are chemical pesticides used on an area of about 100 million hectares. The example of improving the range of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and technologies for their application shows achievements in reducing the standards of use, toxicity for humans and the environment, optimizing the preparative forms of pesticides and increasing the share of drugs of hazard classes 3 and 4. The prospects of pre-sowing seed treatment technology with pesticides and the development of combined drugs that allow simultaneous protection of plants from pests and diseases have been proven. The tasks for scientific and technological support of phytosanitary safety have been defined.
67-76
CYBER-PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF FOOD META-ENGINEERING
摘要
In the modern world, the problem of providing the population with high-quality food products is becoming increasingly important. This is due to a number of factors, such as the growth of the Earth’s population, globalization, which introduces significant changes in the usual models and structure of nutrition, insufficient efficiency of traditional technologies for processing agricultural products, etc. An important element in solving the problem is the use of cyber-physical systems (CPS), which are the integration of computing, physical and network components into private processes and system technologies. In the food industry, CPS are used in the management of production lines, product quality control, logistics, predictive models of demand, and contribute to the personalization of nutrition. In the future, the development of CPS and artificial intelligence technologies can lead to the creation of fully autonomous food production, where robot-assisted technologies will manage all processes - from growing raw materials to delivering finished products.
77-84
Scientific and technological development of the Crimean agroindustrial complex
摘要
The century-long history of the largest agricultural scientific center of Crimea – the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea is associated with solving the main problems of the agro-industrial complex of the region: climate aridity, reduction of irrigated areas and biodiversity, including due to the simplification of the crop rotation structure, decrease in soil fertility and deterioration of the environmental situation, decrease in the number of farm animals and a decrease in their productivity, a decline in the technical level of agricultural enterprises. The Institute makes a significant contribution to solving these problems. New varieties of grain, vegetable, essential oil crops that are resistant to biotic and abiotic factors are being created, moisture-saving technologies and farming systems are being developed that allow maintaining soil fertility and improving the state of agroecosystems, new microbial preparations, feed additives based on essential oil raw materials, cosmetics and food products are being proposed, new technical means for soil cultivation are being designed and created.
85-93
Tasks of scientific and staffing support of veterinary science
摘要
Ensuring food security of the Russian Federation and the development of the agro-industrial complex are closely related to veterinary science. In the current conditions, it is necessary to focus on the creation of domestic drugs, vaccines, test systems and feed additives for livestock. In addition to the technological and scientific base, this requires highly qualified scientific personnel who are trained in the country’s leading universities together with specialized enterprises and laboratories.
94-100