Phytochemical and genoprotective features of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. fruit mesocarpy extract

Introduction. Current pharmacological studies describe the immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of extracts of biological substances of narrow-leaved loch (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.). The study of the phytochemical and genoprotective properties of the mesocarpy of this plant, which grows in the soil-climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region, will determine the possibilities of using narrow-leaved loch fruits in conditions of increasing anthropogenic load in the region, which inevitably leads to disruption of the stability of the human genome.

Objective: study of the phytochemical composition of the mesocarpy of the fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia L.; determining the antimutagenic potential of the extract using an Ames microbial test system.

Material and methods. The fruits of E. Angustifolia were collected in the Kamyzyaksky district of the Astrakhan region. Quantitative determination of flavonoids was carried out by spectrophotometry, based on the ability of flavonoids from the mesocarp extract of E. Angustifolia to form a colored complex with an alcohol solution of aluminum chloride (a calibration graph based on rutin was used in the calculation). The content of phenolcarboxylic acids was determined by the spectrophotometric method, tannins – by complexometric titration (precipitation reagent – zinc sulfate). The amount of ascorbic acid was determined by titrating the acidified extract with a solution of sodium 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate. Using chromatography-mass spectrometry on a Hewlett PackardG device, the qualitative composition of the E. Angustifolia mesocarp extract was revealed. Antimutagenic activity of mesocarp extract against the test strain of Salmonella t. assessed in the Ames bacterial test system by determining the degree of inhibition of mutagen activity by the plant extract. We counted the number of grown his+ revertant colonies in the sample with sodium azide and extract, in comparison with control data.

Results. In the mesocarp of E. Angustifolia, the following were identified: flavonoids (4.2%), phenolcarboxylic acids (5.2%), hydrolyzable tannins (6.7%), ascorbic acid (2.3%), aliphatic acids (free and bound: vaccene, linoleic, eicosan and others), alcohols (phytol, hexadecanol, eicosenol and others), hydrocarbons (pentadecane, docosane and others).

Conclusion. The fruit mesocarp extract of E. angustifolia L. showed moderate antimutagenic activity in the Ames bacterial test system.