Farmaciya (Pharmacy)

Introduction. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is of significant interest as a source of biologically active compounds, particularly flavonoids and phenolic acids, which possess a pronounced hepatoprotective potential. The pharmaceutical markets of the Republic of Algeria and the Russian Federation have a need for affordable hepatoprotective agents based on herbal raw materials, which determines the relevance of developing domestic herbal preparations.

Objective: to optimize the conditions for the extraction of flavonoid compounds from the leaves and stems of rosemary officinalis for the development of a phytopreparation intended for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was leaves and stems of medicinal rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), which are part of the shoots. The raw material was provided by the Algerian company “Tazmert” (batch No.ROS-2024-03, expiration date until 03.2026, moisture content 10%). The study investigated the influence of key technological parameters on the extraction process of flavonoids. For the quantitative determination of the total flavonoid content, a differential spectrophotometry method based on the reaction with aluminum chloride was used; measurements were taken at a wavelength of 400 nm with recalculation based on cynaroside.

Results. It was found that the maximum yield of flavonoids (1.76±0.06% in terms of cynaroside) is achieved under the following optimal conditions: a grinding degree of 1-2 mm, 75% ethyl alcohol, a plant material:extractant ratio of 1:100, and an extraction time of 45 minutes. The metrological evaluation confirmed the high reproducibility of the method (RSD did not exceed 2.66%, relative error was 3.3%).

Conclusion. The established optimal extraction conditions enable a yield of total flavonoids of 1.76 ± 0.06% (in terms of cynaroside), which opens prospects for the development of a new effective herbal medicine with hepatoprotective properties. The obtained results create a scientific basis for standardization of rosemary extract production technology and development of domestic medicinal products.

Introduction. Treatment of wounds on the skin and mucous membranes depends largely on the type of dosage form used. Application dosage forms are considered optimal. Application dosage forms (ADFs) include prolonged-release formulations that provide gradual release of active ingredients, possess mucoadhesive properties, and are intended for topical use.

ADFs include dosage forms of varying physical states: solids (powders for external use, films), solutions, soft dosage forms (gels, creams, ointments, pastes), and patches. Requirements for these dosage forms are reflected in the pharmacopoeial monographs of domestic and international regulatory documentation [1]. Therefore, identifying differential characteristics and standardization methods for various application dosage forms specified in modern pharmacopoeias of various countries is essential.

Objective. A comparative analysis of Russian and international pharmacopoeial requirements for topical dosage forms intended for application to wound surfaces of the skin and mucous membranes, to determine distinctive features and develop proposals for harmonizing quality indicators in accordance with modern standards.

Material and methods. To conduct this information-analytical study, we examined the quality requirements for topical dosage forms, as presented in domestic and international regulatory documentation. The primary sources of information were monographs from six leading pharmacopoeias: the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 15^th edition (SPh. RF), the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus (SPh. RB), the Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union (Ph. Eur.), the British Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Br.), the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Ch. Ph.), the Indian Pharmacopoeia (Ind. Ph.), and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia (Ayur. Ph.).

Results. A comparison was made of pharmacopoeial standards related to the description of the characteristics and quality indicators of topical dosage forms presented in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XV (2023), the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus (2013, 2016), the Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union (2020), the British Pharmacopoeia (2020), the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020), the Indian Pharmacopoeia (2022), and the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia (2010). During the comparative analysis of pharmacopoeial requirements, pharmacopoeial articles were identified that present the characteristics of topical dosage forms intended for application to wound surfaces and mucous membranes, as well as differences in approaches to their quality assessment. The obtained results are significant for the pharmaceutical development and standardization of application dosage forms, as well as for updating the general pharmacopoeial articles “Powders”, “Solutions”, “Soft dosage forms”, “Transdermal patches”, “Films”, “Therapeutic systems”, “Medicinal foams” and “Aerosols and sprays”.

Conclusion. Key differences in regulatory requirements have been identified, allowing for amendments and additions to the General Pharmacopoeia Monograph “Soft Dosage Forms”, as well as for updating the general pharmacopoeial monographs “Powders”, “Solutions”, “Soft Dosage Forms”, “Transdermal Patches”, “Films”, “Therapeutic Systems”, “Medicinal Foams” and “Aerosols and Sprays”. These changes will streamline pharmaceutical development and standardization processes, ensuring higher quality and safety of topical dosage forms, as well as their compliance with international standards.

Introduction. Enterosorption is one of the safe and effective methods of treating acute intoxications and poisonings. Childhood poisonings are one of the main problems and pose a serious threat worldwide. The age and health of the child are determining factors in the selection and use of enterosorbents, and it is important that the pharmacist has sufficient reliable information on the drugs of choice for each age group.

Objective. To determine the criteria for choosing an enterosorbent in pediatric practice for acute poisoning (intoxication) to improve the quality of information services.

Material and methods. The research methodology included: 1) formation of a database of enterosorbents presented on the Russian pharmaceutical market; 2) determination of criteria for assessing the possibility and rationality of using enterosorbents in pediatric practice; 3) description of each enterosorbent using certain criteria; 4) assignment of points to enterosorbents and ranking of the obtained data; 5) formulation of conclusions. The following methods were used in the study: content analysis, statistical, graphical, and the method of scoring (ranking).

Results. Based on literature data, instructions for medical use and a list of types of information that must be provided during pharmaceutical counseling, 5 criteria were defined to assess the possibility and rationality of using enterosorbents in pediatric practice for poisoning. Enterosorbents were described using the criteria defined at the previous stage, and points were assigned. According to the results of the enterosorbent assessment, the following received the highest number of points: colloidal silicon dioxide, polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate and, in certain age groups, hydrolytic lignin.

Conclusion. As a result, the highest scores were received by medicinal products based on hydrated polymethylsiloxane, specifically Enterosgel (an oral paste, including a sweetened formulation). This medicinal product has a broad range of indications, can be used concomitantly with other medicinal products (provided administration times are separated), and demonstrates a high level of efficacy.

The article examines the key aspects of pharmaceutical exports by manufacturers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the current state and development dynamics of the export potential of the pharmaceutical industry, identifying the main barriers, and exploring prospects for Uzbek pharmaceutical companies to enter foreign markets. The study considers government support measures, including export subsidies, simplification of certification procedures, as well as the role of international quality standards (GMP, GDP) in enhancing product competitiveness. Examples of successful export experiences of domestic manufacturers are provided, emphasizing the need for strategic planning, innovative development, and strengthening international relations to expand the geography of supplies.

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state and trends in pharmaceutical exports from the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study showed that, despite a threefold increase in pharmaceutical production volumes and a sixfold growth in exports in recent years, the export activity of the industry remains structurally unstable. The main problems are the high concentration of exports in a limited range of products (mainly under HS code 3004900002), dependence on short-term contracts, and a decline in the average export price. The study also examines government support measures applied in Uzbekistan–both financial (subsidies and reimbursement of transportation costs, accreditation, tax incentives) and non-financial (simplification of certification and customs procedures, investment stimulation, support for export-oriented enterprises). Special attention is paid to changes in state policy related to aligning support measures with the requirements of the World Trade Organization. The results of the study indicate the need to shift from short-term incentive measures to a strategic approach, including diversification of the export portfolio, expansion of supply geography, and implementation of international GMP standards. The implementation of these directions will ensure sustainable development and increase the competitiveness of Uzbekistan’s pharmaceutical products in the global market.