Review of Studies of Flooding Areas and Water Balance in the Volga Delta During Flood Period

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This review analyzed studies of flooding areas (Ftot) and water balance in the Volga delta (WB) during flood periods. The review represents a basis of accumulated knowledge about the characteristics of Ftot and WB during flood periods and methods for their study. We have analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. We have revealed that studies of Ftot and WB during flood periods have not been completed; only rough daily Ftot and rough daily WB parameters have been obtained for a number of flood periods. Therefore, peculiar features of Ftot and WB during flood periods of different water contents have not been fully understood. Research methods have been continuously changing and improving, thus the accuracy of the estimated daily Ftot and daily WB parameters obtained by different methods for different flood periods varies significantly. Therefore, the results of such calculations cannot be analyzed in combination. The results of such calculations cannot supplement highly accurate data bases which are going to be obtained in future studies. However, thanks to new technologies and a large amount of satellite data, the previously developed methods can be used in the modern researches to obtain highly accurate results. As a result, we propose the following objectives for future researches: to calculate with high accuracy the daily Ftot and daily WB parameters for flood periods of different water contents, using high-technological methods and a large number of satellite images; to identify spatiotemporal patterns and distinctive features of flood periods of different water contents based on daily Ftot and daily WB parameters.

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Sobre autores

N. Zilitinkevich

Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: vodanavolge@mail.ru
Rússia, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Volga delta and the Caspian Sea on the map https://earth.google.com/.

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3. Fig. 2. Aa, Ab, Ab, Ba, Bb, Bv, Va, Wb, Bb – 9 districts of the Volga Delta (B – eastern part, A – western part, C – western sub-steppe Ilmeni, a – upper zone, b – middle zone, c – lower zone); 1 – the top of the Volga delta; 2 – the Volga water separator; 3 – the separation dam; 4 – the southern border of the upper delta zone; 5 – the southern border of the middle delta zone; 6 – the borders of the delta main branch systems; 7 – the sea edge of the delta; 8 – banks (drainage collectors) at the sea edge of the delta; 9 – the southern border of the shallow zone of the estuarine coast; 10 – main channels in the shallow zone of the estuarine coast; 11 – the southern boundary of the island subzone of the shallow zone of the estuarine coast (Gorelits and Polonsky, 1997; Polonsky et al., 1998).

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4. Fig. 3. Zoning of the Volga Delta, developed by V.F. Polonsky (2003). It is based on the satellite imagery of Landsat-7. I-XVI – the numbers of the Volga Delta districts, XVII – the shallow zone of the estuarine coast of the Volga Delta. The white rectangles indicate the hydrological posts. 1-12 – numbers of hydrological posts (Verkhneye Lebyazhye village (1), Astrakhan (2), Ikryanoye village (3), Olya village (4), Kilinchi village (5), Kamyzyak (6), Karaulnoye village (7), Karalat village (8), Zelenga village (9), Krasny Yar village (10), village Volodarsky (11), Bolshoy Mogoy village (12)). The numbers of the meteorological stations (MS) are circled: 1 – MS Astrakhan, 2 – MS Zelenga, 3 – MS Liman.

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5. Fig. 4. Flood images taken by Landsat-8 satellites (a) with a resolution of 30 m and MODIS Aqua (b) with a resolution of 500 m (channels 1-7 must be used to synthesize color images and calculate spectral indices for separating water from land).

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6. Fig. 5. Volga-Akhtuba floodplain and DV in the Envisat satellite image.

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