Fermi points and the Nambu sum rule in the polar phase of 3He

Аннотация

We discuss the polar phase of ³He, which is realized in the anisotropic aerogel. We consider it in the framework of the BCS model. In the absence of the spin–orbit interaction, this model predicts the appearance of the Fermi line. However, it is topologically unstable. We demonstrate that the spin–orbit interaction gives rise to the appearance of the two Fermi points instead of the Fermi line. In addition to the gapless Nambu–Goldstone bosons in this system the collective gapped bosonic states exist. Their gaps are calculated, and the corresponding Nambu sum rule is established.