Conditions for runaway electrons in a gas diode with a strongly nonuniform electric field

Abstract

The dynamics of runaway electrons in a gas diode in a sharply nonuniform electric field determined by the geometry of electrodes is considered. The analytical solution of the equation of motion of electrons for an edge cathode shows that their runaway at the periphery in the region of weak field is possible only if the applied potential difference exceeds a certain threshold determined by the interelectrode distance and the parameters of the gas. This condition supplements a classical runaway condition that the field strength at the emission edge of the cathode should be higher than a threshold value depending only on the parameters of the gas. According to our estimates, this new condition imposes higher requirements than the classical condition on the field strength in the limit of the strongly sharp edge of the cathode.