Internal Hydrodynamics in the Cytoplasm of Normal and Cancer Cells; a Principle of Live Tissue Engineering from the Cells: Hypotheses, Physical and Mathematical Models; Approximate Calculation of the Frequency Characteristics of the Cell

Аннотация

Abstract—A proposed model of internal hydrodynamics of the cells of the body is considered. Extracellular fluid flows around the cell elements under the regular action of the osmotic “pump.” The flow around the nucleus of the cell is considered without taking the flow around its other elements into account. This flow is similar to a viscous stationary flow around a sphere at small values of the Reynolds number (the Stokes theorem). Two types of the mechanism of such a flow are suggested: a uniform flow around and a shear flow around. In the first case, a vorticity occurs behind the nucleus, the distribution of which is determined by solving the Stokes theorem. In the second case, in addition to vorticity, there is a vortex flow around the nucleus. In a cancer cell, the internal movement of the cytoplasm is absent, the metabolism is almost stopped, which corresponds to the transition of the cell in such conditions to continuous division. When a normal cell divides (mitosis), the newly formed cells have a distribution of vortex flow around the nucleus, which is opposite to the original vortex flow in the parent cells; this allows the cells to be at a close constant distance to each other and to form tissue in the future. Such a mechanism makes it possible to create further organic connections between the cells of the tissue. There may be a movement of the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the cell under the influence of electrostatic forces formed between the elements of the negatively charged cytoplasm and the positively charged nucleus. The reasons for the “failure” of the normal activity of the cell and its transformation into a cancer cell are discussed.